Efficacy of terbutaline in preterm labour - our experience

Background: Preterm birth is one of the important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in developed countries after congenital malformations. Postponement of delivery plays essential role in preventing such incidences by allowing fetal lung maturity.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted over a period of 20 months among the patients admitted for preterm labour with gestational period between 27 to 36 weeks. After the patients obeyed all the inclusion criteria, they were administered terbutaline 250 µg subcutaneously every 8th hourly followed by 5 mg tablet orally twice daily till contractions ceased. The patients were analysed for gestational period at which they presented with preterm labour contractions, associated risk factors, response to terbutaline, and gestational period at delivery, perinatal complications, neonatal and maternal outcomes. The data obtained were analysed by descriptive analysis.Results: There were 1,678 deliveries during study period, out of which 207 (12%) presented with preterm labour and 20 (~10%) patients received terbutaline. Idiopathic (50%) and vaginal infections (25%) were common causes of preterm labour among the patients who received terbutaline. The labour was prolonged by 3 - 5 days among 8 patients, 7 - 15 days in 9 patients and 15 - 30 days in 3 patients. Common maternal side effects were nausea and tremors. Neonatal outcome was good in most of the cases except in 5 (25%) neonates who required NICU admission but they all recovered well without any morbidity.Conclusions: Administration of terbutaline prolonged labour without any serious maternal complications and better neonatal outcome as 90% of the neonates were born without any complications. Hence, terbutaline can be used as a safe and effective tocolytic agent among patients presenting with preterm labour

Review on Present State-of-the-Art of Secure and Privacy Preserving Data Mining Techniques

As people of every walk of life are using Internet for various purposes there is growing evidence of proliferation of sensitive information. Security and privacy of data became an important concern. For this reason privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) has been an active research area. PPDM is a process discovering knowledge from voluminous data while protecting sensitive information. In this paper we explore the present state-of-the-art of secure and privacy preserving data mining algorithms or techniques which will help in real world usage of enterprise applications. The techniques discussed include randomized method, k-Anonymity, l-Diversity, t-Closeness, m-Privacy and other PPDM approaches. This paper also focuses on SQL injection attacks and prevention measures. The paper provides research insights into the areas of secure and privacy preserving data mining techniques or algorithms besides presenting gaps in the research that can be used to plan future research

Optimizing webpage relevancy using page ranking and content based ranking.

Systems for web information mining can be isolated into a few classifications, depending on the type of target data and the purposes of the activity: Web structure mining; Web utilization mining; and Web Content Mining. This paper proposes another Web Content Mining system for page significance positioning, taking into account the page content investigation. The strategy, Page Content Rank (PCR), consolidates various heuristics that appear to be critical for breaking down the substance of Web pages. The page significance is resolved on the base of the significance of terms that the page contains. The significance of a term is determined concerning a given inquiry "q", and it depends on its measurable and linguistic elements. As a source set of pages for mining, we utilize an arrangement of pages retrieved by a web search tool to the question "q". PCR utilizes a neural system as its inward order structure. We depict a usage of the proposed strategy and an examination of its outcomes with the other existing characterization framework - page rank algorithm

Pre-operative ondansetron vs. metoclopramide for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in elective lower-segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

Background: The problem of nausea and vomiting is a very old but a less thought of problem. Nausea and vomiting are the most common distressing symptom in the postoperative period. Antiemetic drugs play an important role in therapy of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Though many drugs have been tried as prophylaxis and treatment of PONV, no drug has been proved significantly effective and hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of IV metoclopramide and IV Ondansetron as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in lower-segment caesarean section (LSCS) under spinal anaesthesia. Methods: After institutional approval and informed consent 100 ASA I & II patients undergoing non emergent LSCS taken for study. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups of 50 each. Group I received IV metoclopramide 10mg and Group II received IV. Ondansetron 4mg. Anaesthetic management was standardized. The incidence of vomiting and retching as number of episodes was studied. Nausea was graded depending on the severity and data derived. Results: The mean age, weight and duration of surgery was not significantly different when compared group-1 parturiants with group-2. The mean episodes of emesis, nausea and retching at different postoperative duration were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Ondansetron group when compared to metoclopramide group as postoperative time progresses. Conclusions: Injection ondansetron 4mg provided decrease in the incidence of PONV than metoclopramide as the side effects with these drugs were minimal.

A rare case of neonatal Apert syndrome

Apert syndrome is a rare Type I acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome. It is a congenital disorder characterized by premature fusionof cranial sutures (craniosynostosis), malformation of skull, hands, face, and feet. Apert syndrome has an incidence of 1/50,000to 1/80,000 live births. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first branchial or pharyngeal arch, the precursorof the maxilla and mandible. Disturbances in the development of branchial arches in the fetal development create lasting andwidespread effects. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant and occurs due to the gene mutations in the receptors of the fibroblastgrowth factor. Management of Apert syndrome requires multidisciplinary approach. We, hereby, report a case of a 5‑h‑old neonatewith Apert syndrome

Why do we find ourselves around a yellow star instead of a red star?

M-dwarf stars are more abundant than G-dwarf stars, so our position as observers on a planet orbiting a G-dwarf raises questions about the suitability of other stellar types for supporting life. If we consider ourselves as typical, in the anthropic sense that our environment is probably a typical one for conscious observers, then we are led to the conclusion that planets orbiting in the habitable zone of G-dwarf stars should be the best place for conscious life to develop. But such a conclusion neglects the possibility that K-dwarfs or M-dwarfs could provide more numerous sites for life to develop, both now and in the future. In this paper we analyze this problem through Bayesian inference to demonstrate that our occurrence around a G-dwarf might be a slight statistical anomaly, but only the sort of chance event that we expect to occur regularly. Even if M-dwarfs provide more numerous habitable planets today and in the future, we still expect mid G- to early K-dwarfs stars to be the most likely place for observers like ourselves. This suggests that observers with similar cognitive capabilities as us are most likely to be found at the present time and place, rather than in the future or around much smaller stars.Comment: Published in International Journal of Astrobiolog

A simulation study of pearlite-to-austenite transformation kinetics in rapidly heated hot-rolled low carbon steel

The main aim of the present research was to obtain an optimized microstructure with adequate mechanical properties in a low carbon steel. The effect of microstructure on kinetics of austenite transformation was simulated. A 3.2 mm hot rolled steel was subjected to continuous annealing to obtain properties of Dual Phase 590 grade. Kinetics of austenite transformation was studied with respect to the condition of just pearlite dissolution to form austenite under rapid heating. Annealing parameters were based on process conditions of dual phase steel production in a continuous annealing line. DICTRA was used to simulate heating rates of the order 10–500 °C/s with peak temperatures in the range 750–850 °C to predict isothermal annealing time required for complete dissolution of pearlite into austenite under different temperature-heating rate conditions. Simulation results showed dependency of temperature and heating rate on austenite transformation time. Interestingly, no significant effect of heating rate on complete pearlite dissolution into austenite was evident. Results were validated with limited experimentation on Gleeble. Microstructure analysis validated the simulation results to be accurate. The observations have pertinent inputs while designing industrial continuous annealing line parameters where rapid heating rates are generally encountered (10–20 °C/s).A simulation study of pearlite-to-austenite transformation kinetics in rapidly heated hot-rolled low carbon steel (PDF Download Available). Availablefrom:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303915593_A_simulation_study_of_pearlite-to austenite_transformation_kinetics_in_rapidly_heated_hot-rolled_low_carbon_steel [accessed Aug 14, 2017]