A numerical model for the fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapours

Experimentation on the fast pyrolysis process has been primarily focused on the pyrolysis reactor itself, with less emphasis given to the liquid collection system (LCS). More importantly, the physics behind the vapour condensation process in LCSs has not been thoroughly researched mainly due to the complexity of the phenomena involved. The present work focusses on providing detailed information of the condensation process within the LCS, which consists of a water cooled indirect contact condenser. In an effort to understand the mass transfer phenomena within the LCS, a numerical simulation was performed using the Eulerian approach. A multiphase multi-component model, with the condensable vapours and non-condensable gases as the gaseous phase and the condensed bio-oil as the liquid phase, has been created. Species transport modelling has been used to capture the detailed physical phenomena of 11 major compounds present in the pyrolysis vapours. The development of the condensation model relies on the saturation pressures of the individual compounds based on the corresponding states correlations and assuming that the pyrolysis vapours form an ideal mixture. After the numerical analysis, results showed that different species condense at different times and at different rates. In this simulation, acidic components like acetic acid and formic acids were not condensed as it was also evident in experimental works, were the pH value of the condensed oil is higher than subsequent stages. In the future, the current computational model can provide significant aid in the design and optimization of different types of LCSs

Generalizabilty Probability: Importance in Clinical Research

International conference on harmonization (ICH) suggested that bridging study is important to extrapolate clinical results. and also us food and drug administration requires Substantial evidences regarding safety. The review explains about different approaches that are necessary for obtaining clinical results, various clinical results were performed between similar patient population within same or different regions. moreover no criteria on the  evaluation of similarity of clinical results between regions is given .It is important in regulatory submission of new drug application .Mainly this review explains about how clinical results are reproducible. Keywords: ICH, Generalizability, probability  Reproducibility, clinical trails, bridging study

Security Issues and Solutions in Cloud Computing: A Review

Cloud computing is a rising worldview which has turned into the present most trending topic because of its ability to reduce the costs associated with computing. In the present period, it is most intriguing and helpful innovation which offers the services based on demand over the internet to its users. Since Cloud processing stores the information and due to its wide spreading resources security has turned out to be a serious obstacle which is hampering the cloud users. There are number of clients utilizing cloud to store their own information. This paper lists the security problems that cloud computing facing today such as data, privacy, and account hijacking and some other security issues. It also discusses some solutions for tackling these issues and problem

IN-VITRO ASSIMILATION OF TRIMYRISTIN IN THE SEEDS OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS AND IN POLY HERBAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION BY UFLC METHOD

The present study was aimed to develop a simple and validated chromatographic method for the estimation of Trimyristin in the API and in poly herbal Ayurvedic formulations by UFLC method, along with stress induced degradation studies of the drug and validate the method as per the ICH guidelines. The analysis was carried out under isocratic conditions using dichloromethane and acetonitrile in the ratio of 95:5 as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 210nm. The method was simple, specific, precise, and accurate with retention times 0.904 and 0.906 minutes for the API and isolated product. The system obeys the Beer's law in the concentration range of 10-90μg/ml. The percentage recovery studies performed showed a percentage recovery of 98.3 -101.6%w/v and found to be linear with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9993. The method was found to be precise with relative standard deviation of less than 2%, detection limit and quantitation limit was estimated to be 4.58μg/ml, 15.27μg/ml respectively. The method was found to be robust even by change in mobile phase ratio of ±5%, change in wavelength and change in flow rate of ±0.1 ml/min.  This validated method was sensitive and reproducible enough to be used for routine analysis of Poweromin tablet and Makaradhwaj vatti in time and cost effective manner. Keywords: Trimyristin, Poweromin, Makaradhwaj vatti, UFLC, isocratic elution, validation and stress degradatio