Painful scar endometriosis after caesarean section

Scar endometriosis is an extremely rare phenomenon. We presented a case of scar endometriosis in a thirty one year old patient (P2L2) who developed swelling and cyclical pain in the previous suprapubic caesarean scar (of previous two caesarean sections) area lasting for 10 days every month for last 2 years. On abdominal examination she had a small swelling at right margin of the wound which was firm and tender on examination with dull aching constant pain at the site of examination. This pain used to aggravate with menses. Investigations suggested scar endometriosis and she was treated medically with oral contraceptives and GnRH but symptoms recurred on stopping the treatment. Patient underwent surgery. A dense fibrotic tissue of 5×4×5 cm size including the rectus sheath, part of rectus muscles and subcutaneous tissue was found on the right side of the old previous scar beneath the skin which was excised and sent for histopathological examination which reconfirmed the diagnosis of scar endometriosis with presence of glands and stroma in the excised tissue. Post-operative period was uneventful

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of grain-water suspensions in tube

In this study of solid-liquid flow, rice and cassava starch particles were used as the dispersed media and water was used as the carrier fluid. Experiments were carried out on slurries with solid concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% w/w which flowed in a 13mm ID and 3 m long tube –in - tube heat exchanger. Steam was used as the heating medium. Calculated convective film to particle heat transfer coefficient (hfp) values ranged from 11 to 32 kW m -2 K -1 for cassava and rice particles with uncertainty of ± 2 kW m -2 K -1. A decrease in heat transfer coefficient values was found as a result of short residence time at the higher flow rates. To investigate the solid-liquid two-phase flow Eulerian multiphase model was adopted in simple axisymmetric geometry. Velocity profiles of the liquid and solid phases with different particle fractions were estimated from the simulated results. The respective velocities of both phases were higher in the upper part of the tube than in the lower portion because of settling caused by gravity. The slip velocity of particles was estimated from the simulations and it ranged from 6.68 cm/s to 9.80 cm/s for the cassava particles and 13.83 cm/s to 19.38 cm/s for the rice particles. The rice grains always lagged the liquid phase where as the cassava starch globules moved faster than the carrier liquid in the central region and very close to the wall. The particle volume concentration profile was also investigated and it was observed that a high particle concentration formed a core around tube centreline

Association of serum beta-hCG and urine albumin-creatinine ratio with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy

Background: Preeclampsia with or without severe symptoms, chronic hypertension with or without superimposed pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, HELLP syndrome, or eclampsia all pose a significant risk of morbidity for both the mother and the unborn child. The aim of this study was to investigate if the albumin-to-creatinine ratio in urine spots and the serum beta-hCG level correlate with the hypertensive illness of pregnancy.” Method: “The current inquiry was conducted during the months of October 2020 and August 2022 at the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Subharti medical college in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. The study was not open to women who were more than 20 weeks pregnant, had gestational diabetes mellitus, had more than one pregnancy, had chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, cardiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, or haematological illnesses. We measured the levels of serum beta hCG and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio, and we compared them between the groups.” Results:  After ensuring that each participant had given their informed permission, the trial comprised a total of 200 patients. In the hypertensive group of the participants in the study, 31% were between the ages of 21 and 35, and 29% were less than 20 years old. With increased beta hCG and UACR, there was a higher incidence of hypertensive retinopathy, acute renal failure, DIC, and PPH among the patients, as well as the poorest fetal outcomes. (p<0.05) Conclusions: The presence of a substantial relationship between hypertensive diseases and raised levels of beta-hCG during pregnancy, as well as a greater ratio of urine albumin to creatinine.  There is a considerable increase in the incidence of fetal growth retardation, preterm, and mortality occurring within the uterus among mothers who have higher levels of beta-hCG and urine ACR

Aorto-occlusive disease causing pregnancy complications: A serendipitous diagnosis

Takayasu arteritis or pulse-less disease is known to present in myriad forms. Here, we report the case of a 22-year-old young pregnant female who presented to us with pregnancy complications was finally diagnosed to have Takayasu Arteritis but not before her disease course took a lot of diagnostic turns. It highlights the fact that the disease is very variable in its presentation. The other unique presentations reported in literature along with a brief review of the treatment options are also given

SIFT-FANN: An efficient framework for spatio-spectral fusion of satellite images

Image fusion techniques are widely used for remote sensing data. A special application is for using low resolution multi-spectral image with high resolution panchromatic image to obtain an image having both spectral and spatial information. Alignment of images to be fused is a step prior to image fusion. This is achieved by registering the images. This paper proposes the methods involving Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor (FANN) for automatic registration of satellite image (reference image) prior to fusion of low spatial resolution multi-spectral QuickBird satellite image (sensed image) with high spatial resolution panchromatic QuickBird satellite image. In the registration steps, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is used to extract key points from both images. The keypoints are then matched using the automatic tuning algorithm, namely, FANN. This algorithm automatically selects the most appropriate indexing algorithm for the dataset. The indexed features are then matched using approximate nearest neighbor. Further, Random Sample Consensus (RanSAC) is used for further filtering to obtain only the inliers and co-register the images. The images are then fused using Intensity Hue Saturation (IHS) transform based technique to obtain a high spatial resolution multi-spectral image. The results show that the quality of fused images obtained using this algorithm is computationally efficient

Enterovesical Herniation: A Rare Complication After Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Enterovesical herniation through an acquired bladder wall defect after transurethral resection is an exceedingly rare complication. Small bladder perforations may go unrecognized after transurethral resection as adherent bowel loops seal the defect. We present a very rare case of internal herniation of both small bowel and sigmoid colon into the urinary bladder following transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed herniation of bowel loops into the lumen of the urinary bladder through a defect in the dome. On exploratory laparotomy, internal herniation of the ileum and sigmoid colon through a defect in the superior wall of the urinary bladder was found

Enhanced graphitic domains of unreduced graphene oxide and the interplay of hydration behaviour and catalytic activity

Previous studies indicate that the properties of graphene oxide (GO) can be significantly improved by enhancing its graphitic domain size through thermal diffusion and clustering of functional groups. Remarkably, this transition takes place below the decomposition temperature of the functional groups and thus allows fine-tuning of graphitic domains without compromising with the functionality of GO. By studying the transformation of GO under mild thermal treatment, we directly observe this size enhancement of graphitic domains from originally 40 nm2 to 200 nm2 through an extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. Additionally, we confirm the integrity of the functional groups during this process by comprehensive chemical analysis. A closer look into the process confirms the theoretically predicted relevance for the room temperature stability of GO. We further investigate the influence of enlarged graphitic domains on the hydration behaviour of GO and catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts supported by GO. Surprisingly, both, the water transport and catalytic activity are damped by the heat treatment. This allows us to reveal the critical role of water transport in laminated 2D materials as catalysts

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic