Numerical Investigation of Thermal Performance Factor for different Twisted Tape Configurations

In this article an attempt has been made to study the heat transfer variations for different twisted tape geometry. Twisted tapes of different pitch and split ratios arranged in alternate clock and counter clockwise for fully developed laminar flow were used to study heat enhancement. The numerical analysis was carried out in different Reynolds number ranging between 400-1000 for a different pitch ratio (y = p/w, 3.2, 6.5 and 13) and split ratio (S=L/n, n=2, 3, 4), every split arranged in a counter clockwise with preceding one. The investigation revealed that decrement in pitch ratio and increment in split ratio enhances the heat transfer rate. Thermal Performance factor (TPF) is also calculated for different tape configurations and its variation is also notified in the work

Edible Vaccines: Trigger of Body’s First Line Defense

Vaccines are used as protective agents from various diseases. The major reason to prepare vaccines are to digest the macromolecule of proteins in stomach considering of high pH . To overcome this issue a scientist named Arntzen developed the theory of edible vaccines. EVs are developed by genetic technology; in this the genes are introduced directly to the plants in various methods. The developed plant contains coded protein which acts as a vaccine. Purchasing at low cost leads to the prevention of various diseases like malaria, measles, hepatitis B , cholera, HIV and anthrax     Keywords: Edible vaccines, Antigens, Oral immunization, Immunity

Software Reliability Using SPRT: Burr Type III Process Model

Increased dependence on software systems elicited the assessment of their reliability, a crucial task in software development. Effective tools and mechanisms are required to facilitate the assessment of software reliability. Classical approaches like hypothesis testing are significantly time consuming as the conclusion can only be drawn after collecting huge amounts of data. Statistical method such as Sequential Analysis can be applied to arrive at a decision quickly. This paper implemented Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) for Burr Type III model based on time domain data. For this, parameters were estimated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation to apply SPRT on five real time software failure datasets borrowed from different software projects. The results exemplify that the adopted model has given a rejection decision for the used datasets

Multi User Diversity Evaluation in MIMO HSDPA Downlink Channels

A multiple transmit antenna, single receive antenna (per receiver) downlink channel with limited channel feedback is considered. Given a constraint on the total system-wide channel feedback, the following question is considered: is it preferable to get low-rate feedback from a large number of receivers or to receive high-rate/high-quality feedback from a smaller number of (randomly selected) receivers. Acquiring feedback from many users allows multi-user diversity to be exploited, while highrate feedback allows for very precise selection of beamforming directions. It is shown that systems in which a limited number of users feedback high-rate channel information significantly outperform low-rate/many user systems. The marginal benefit of channel feedback is very significant up to the point where the CSI is essentially perfect

Improving Phishing Website Detection with Machine Learning: Revealing Hidden Patterns for Better Accuracy

Phishing attacks remain a significant threat to internet users globally, leading to substantial financial losses and compromising personal information. This research study investigates various machine learning models for detecting phishing websites, with a primary focus on achieving high accuracy. After an extensive analysis, the Random Forest Classifier emerged as the most suitable choice for this task. Our methodology leveraged machine learning techniques to uncover subtle patterns and relationships in the data, going beyond traditional URL and content-based restrictions. By incorporating diverse website features, including URL and derived attributes, Page source code-based features, HTML JavaScript-based features, and Domain-based features, we achieved impressive results. The proposed approach effectively classified the majority of websites, demonstrating the efficiency of machine learning in addressing the phishing website detection challenge with an accuracy of over 98%, recall exceeding 98%, and a false positive rate of less than 4%. This research offers valuable insights to the field of cyber security, providing internet users with improved protection against phishing attempts

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION EXHAUST EMISSION IN IC ENGINE WITH EUCALYPTUS OIL BLEND

Majority of the automobiles run with internal combustion engines such as spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines which use conventional fuels such as Petrol, Diesel etc. The use of automobiles increasing day by day in the human life .As the use of the automobiles increase, the consumption of the fuels like petrol, diesel also increases and due to the increased consumption of the fuels depletion of fuel resources occurs. Along with the depletion the emissions emitted from the automobile engines increases and there by affect human health, and environment. The main emissions like hydrocarbons(HC) , carbon monoxide (CO) ,nitrogen oxides(NOx) and  oxides of sulphur (SOx) emitted from automobile  engines affect human lungs and also affects the environment which causes global warming and acid rains. From the above reasons in order to reduce the emissions various researches going on petrol and diesel engines.  The petrol engines are used in light weight motor vehicles where as diesel engine are used in heavy duty motor vehicles. The petrol engines are very popular from the time of their invention; most of the automobiles are run by these engines mainly because of its simplicity and ease of operations, they are the choice for number of researches. As crude oil reserves are decreasing and increasing price of petrol alternative fuels are coming in to picture. Now a day’s most of the alternative fuels like ethanol, methanol, orange oil, eucalyptus oil are biomass derived and easily available. Alternative fuels which are renewable and also eco friendly reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and they help to preserve the atmosphere by reducing the emission levels. Alternate fuels can be in the form of solid, liquid, and gaseous fom. The solid fuels are not used in ic engines due to their physical properties, the liquid fuels are alcohols (ethanol, methanol) and vegetable oils (edible and non edible), and the gaseous fuels are LPG, CNG, H2, biomass and producer gas. Liquid fuels are easy to handle and calorific value of these types of fuels is more.. Many alternative fuels blends has been introduced in past and they gave satisfying results. Therefore, in this project  the eucalyptus oil which is high octane biomass derived fuel is blended with petrol 15%  by  volume that is Eu15 and used as fuel  in four stroke multi cylinder petrol engine and  pollution  characteristics  were  studied  and  analyzed   using  ANSYS-FLUENT software

CFD ANALYSIS OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH AND WITHOUT BAFFLES BY USING NANO FLUIDS

Heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between one or more fluids. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. In this work, different NANO fluids mixed with base fluid water are analysed for their performance in the shell and tube heat exchanger without baffle and with baffle(900,300 and helical type baffle). The NANO fluids are Aluminium Oxide and Titanium carbide for two volume fractions 0.4, 0.5. Theoretical calculations are done determine the properties for NANO fluids and those properties are used as inputs for analysis. 3D model of the shell and elliptical tube heat exchanger is modelling in CREO parametric software. CFD analysis is done by ANSYS software

Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness in East Coast of India through Mock drill conducted on 26 September, 2015

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami resulted in catastrophic losses of life and property and demonstrated how destructive the tsunamis can be. In India, the tsunami took away nearly 16,000 lives of the people living in the coastal areas and caused lot of damage to the property. The reason for such a great loss to lives and property is due to lack of awareness and preparedness to tsunamis. Keeping this in view and to avoid further future losses, the Government of India has established the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System at INCOIS, Hyderabad under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. While a tsunami cannot be prevented, its impact can be mitigated through community and emergency preparedness, timely warnings, effective response, and public education. The Tsunami drills evaluates the ability of warning centre and disaster offices to respond to a tsunami. The drills not only emphasize the testing of communications from warning centre to its stakeholders, but also provide an opportunity for testing national/state/local chains of command and decision-making, including the alerting and evacuation of people from selected coastal communitie

Fragment Finder: a web-based software to identify similar three-dimensional structural motif

FF (Fragment Finder) is a web-based interactive search engine developed to retrieve the user-desired similar 3D structural fragments from the selected subset of 25 or 90% non-homologous protein chains. The search is based on the comparison of the main chain backbone conformational angles (φ and ϕ). Additionally, the queried motifs can be superimposed to find out how similar the structural fragments are, so that the information can be effectively used in molecular modeling. The engine has facilities to view the resultant superposed or individual 3D structure(s) on the client machine. The proposed web server is made freely accessible at the following URL: or

Effects of surface ligands on the charge memory characteristics of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals in TiO2 thin film

harge memory characteristics have been systematically studied based on colloidal CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) embedded in similar to 50 nm-thick TiO2 film. Ligand-capped QDs showed negligible electron charging effect, implying that the electron affinity of QDs was significantly decreased by surface dipole layer surrounding QDs. In contrast, the hole charging was affected by the carrier injection blocking effect of the surface ligands. Efficient electron and hole charging characteristics were realized by removing the surface ligands via H-2 plasma treatment.open4