Influence of Cold Worked Structure on Electrochemical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Effect of cold working on microstructure and structure and thereby on electrochemical behavior of metastable AISI 304L and stable AISI 316L austenitic stainless steels in two different solutions is presented here. The solution annealed stainless steel plates were unidirectionally cold rolled at different rolling conditions (with or without inter-pass cooling and subzero temperature) up to 90% reduction in thickness. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to study textures and residual stresses development in the stainless steels due to cold working and to quantify the volume fraction of -martensite phase formed in the metastable stainless steel. Cold working has introduced residual stress and developed texture in both the stainless steels. Residual stress and volume fraction of strain induced - martensite phase in 304L SS was varied with rolling conditions. The study has shown that the type of the textures developed in the two stainless steels influenced their electrochemical properties

An Authenticated Bit Shifting and Stuffing (BSS) Methodology for Data Security

Providing security to the data means the third party cannot interpret the actual information. When providing authentication to the data then only authorized persons can interpret the data. One of the methodology to provide security is cryptography. But in previous paper we have proposed a methodology for the cryptography process is BSS. In Bit Shifting and Stuffing (BSS) system to represent a printable character it needs only seven bits as per its ASCII value. In computer system to represent a printable character it requires one byte, i.e. 8 bits. So a printable character occupies 7 bits and the last bit value is 0 which is not useful for the character. In BSS method we are stuffing a new bit in the place of unused bit which is shifting from another printable character. To provide authentication a four bit dynamic key is generated for every four characters of the encrypted data and the key is also maintained in the data itself. While decryption the key is retrieved from the data and check whether the data is corrupted or not

Hydraulics of free overfall in Δ-shaped channels

In this paper, two methods are presented to analyse the free overfall in Δ -shaped (equilateral triangle-shaped) channels. First, the flow upstream of a free overfall from smooth horizontal or mildly sloping Δ -shaped channels is analysed theoretically to determine the end-depth-ratio (EDR), applying the momentum equation based on the Boussinesq approximation. Second, an alternate method for analysing free overfall in Δ -shaped channels is also presented where the flow over a free overfall in a Δ -shaped channel is simulated by that over a sharp-crested weir to calculate the EDR. The method of estimation of discharge from the known end depth is also presented for both the methods. These approaches eliminate the need of an experimentally determined pressure coefficient. Experiments are conducted to verify the results obtained from the present methods. Comparisons of the computed and experimental results are satisfactory

Analysis of bistable and oscillating reaction systems in presence of an external noise

The paper analyses a bistable and an oscillatory reaction system in the presence of an external noise. The analysis of a bistable system shows that in the normal way the inclusion of noise destroys all the deterministic solutions. In other words, the stochastic system does not admit any solution. With imposition of certain restraints it is possible, however, to get stochastic solutions in a certain region of parameter space, which in general shrinks with the extent of noise. The modality of diminishing the region of solutions is different for white and nonwhite noise and has been discussed The paper also evaluates the influence of white and nonwhite noise on the behavior of an oscillating system and illustrates it by considering two case examples. One example indicates the conflicting role of white and nonwhite noise in bringing about the transitions from the oscillatory behavior while the second example shows no influence of white and nonwhite noise on the oscillating solution The implications of the role of noise in analysing bistable and oscillatory systems is discussed