Two-photon excitation spectroscopy of 1,5--Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene using phase modulation

We have used two-photon Fourier transform spectroscopy to investigate the first singlet excited state (S1) of a prototypical polyene molecule 1,5 -- Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. As the S1 state in the polyenes is a one-photon forbidden transition, its structure of the vibrational levels cannot be studied using resonant linear excitation. Although this level is accessible with two-photon excitation, previous studies done by using wavelength tunable pulsed lasers did not have enough resolution to investigate the details of the vibrational levels. In Fourier transform spectroscopy, one uses a pair of laser beams to excite the sample. The measurements are done by varying the time delay between the pulses. The spectral resolution is given by the inverse of the maximum time delay rather than the spectral width of the pulses. We have used the method to investigate the vibrational levels of the S1 state. In our implementation, we have used a phase modulation technique to carry out the measurements in the rotating frame, which require fewer data points along the time delay thereby significantly reducing the measurement time

ALTERNATIVE HERBAL DRUGS USED FOR TREATING HAIR DISEASE

Objective: The main objective of present study is to treat Alopecia. Alopecia areata is an unpredictable hair-loss condition. Alopecia is a dermatological disorder with psychosocial implications on patients with hair loss. Herbal systems of medicine have become increasingly popular in recent years. Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of hair diseases since antiquity. Herbs such as turmeric, fenugreek, ginger, Cyperus rotundus (Nagarmotha), and holy basil are integral parts of ayurvedic formulations. Cyperus rotundus is a well-known ayurvedic herb with purported claims of hair growth promotion. Methods: Extracts are prepared by separating the soluble matter from vegetable tissues by the application of a suitable solvent such as alcohol, water, or ether. The resultant liquid is concentrated by evaporation to obtain a liquid extract or concentrated almost to dryness to obtain the solid extract and its volatile oil. Hair formulation of Cyperus rotundus belonging to family Cyperaceae in the form of herbal formulation (5% herbal cream and oil) was studied and it showed excellent hair growth activity with standard (2% minoxidil ethanolic solution) in Wister albino rats. Results: Hair growth initiation time was significantly reduced to half on treatment with the oil, as compared to control animals. The hair growth promoting effect was evaluated against the control, standard, and test animals at 0, 10, 15, and 20 days with the formulated hair oil and hair cream prepared from the volatile oil extracted from the Cyperus rotundus and the significant hair growth was observed, and the growth was compared with the standard drug used 2% solution of minoxidil. Conclusion: The results of treatment with oil were better than the positive control minoxidil 2% treatment. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil. Keywords: Alopecia areata, Cyperus rotundus, Hair growth, Extracts, Herbal creams, Hair oil, Hair formulation, Ayurvedic, Cyperaceae.  ORCID iD: - http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-606

Hepatoprotective Effect of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) on Paracetamol Intoxicated Rats

Plant products play a crucial role in the hepatoprotection through its antioxidants property. Therefore, search for modern medicine of plant origin with this property has become a central focus on hepatoprotection today. This study investigated to search a new hepatoprotective agent from natural sources, the methanol extract of nutitional plant, Daucus carota leaves was tested against liver damage of albino rats. Levels of serum marker enzymes i.e. SGOT, SGPT (aminotransferases), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and TB (total bilirubin) in serum respectively. The histopathological changes of liver sections were also compared with the respective controls. 30% paracetamol induced significant (

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECT OF BACOPA MONNIERI - A REVIEW

It is said that the use of Bacopa monnieri for memory enhancement goes back 3000 years or more in India, when it was cited for its medicinal properties, especially the memory enhancing capacity, in the Vedic texts "Athar-Ved Samhila" (3:1) of 800 B.C. and in Ayurveda. In the folklore of Indian medicine, several herbs have been used traditionally as brain or nerve tonics. One of the most popular of these neurotonics is Bacopa monnieri, a well known memory booster. Brahmi has been administered at religious institutions to help students to enhance their memory for learning ancient, religious hymns.It is also used as cardio-tonic, tranquilizer and sedative, improves process of learning, Restores memory, enhances power of speech and imagination, diuretic and nervine tonic, anti stress, for nervous and mental strain, use in insanity, epilepsy, hysteria, aesthenia, nervous breakdown. It is a small, creeping succulent herb. The leaf and flower bearing stems are 10- 30 cm long and arise from creeping stems that form roots at the nodes with pale blue or pinkish white flowers belonging to  Family  Scrophulariaceae grown nearly banks of freshwater streams and ponds, paddy fields and other damp places. The chief Phyto-constituents present are brahmine, herpestine, alkaloids and saponins. Keywords: Ayurveda, Brahmi, memory booster, herb, neurotonics, tranquilizer.Â

Abnormal meiosis in hexaploid Setaria verticillata

This article does not have an abstract

PHARMACOGNOSTIC COMPARISON OF BACOPA MONNIERI, CYPERUS ROTUNDUS & EMBLICA OFFICINALIS

 In the last few decades, a curious thing has happened to Herbal medicines. Instead of being killed off by medical science and pharmaceutical chemistry, it has made come back. Herbal medicine has benefited from the objective analysis of the medical science, while fanciful and emotional claims for herbal cures have been thrown out, herbal treatments and plant medicine that works have been acknowledge. And herbal medicine has been found to have impressive credentials. Developed empirically by trial and error, many herbal treatments were nevertheless remarkably effective. In a recent survey estimated that 39% of all 520 new approved drugs in 1983-1994 were natural products or derived from natural products and 60-80% of antibacterial and anticancer drugs were derived from natural products. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Plant derived drugs came into use in the modern medicine through the uses of plant material as indigenous cure in folklore or traditional systems of medicine. Bacopa Monnieri, Cyperus Rotundus & Emblica Offcinalis (Brahmi, Nagarmotha, Amla) have several chemical compounds have been isolated from these herbs which are useful in treating number of diseases like : Diarrhea, Vomiting, Indigestion, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Hair Growth, Hair Wash, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Convulsant, Analgesic, Anti-Allergic, Antifungal, Cardiac Depressant And Cardio-Tonic etc. These reported therapeutic activities are due to the presence of Phyto-chemicals present in these Herbs. Even Ayurveda has recognizes the nutritional elements derived from foods, and rasayanas which help to optimize the availability of essential nutrients†in the body.KEYWORDS: Bacopa Monnieri, Cyperus Rotundus, Emblica Officinalis, Medicinal plants, Antibacterial, Cardio-Tonic, Hair growth, Herbal plants, Ayurveda, Brahmi, Nagarmotha, Amla, Essential Nutrients, Herbal Cosmetics, Physico-chemical, Chemical Constituents, Inorganic Components, Phyto-Constituent, Pharmacological and Traditional Properties

THE WONDER OF HERBS TO TREAT–ALOPECIA

Herbal Cosmetics have growing demand on the earth market and is a precious gift of nature. Herbal formulations continuously have attracted gigantic concentration on the grounds that of their good endeavor and comparatively lesser or nil side effect with synthetic medications. Herbs and spices have been used in retaining and embellishing human magnificence because time immemorial. Hair loss problem is of great significance to both men & women. The essential issues associated with hair loss are hair fading, dandruff & falling of hair. Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss or baldness. It is an embarrassing condition for any person, as he/she looks extra aged than ordinary. Many forms of medication are available to treat alopecia in special procedure of medication like Allopathic, Homeopathic, Ayurveda or can also be surgical like hair transplantation however none of them is wholly ample. This hindrance could be solved by the use of natural medicines obtained from herbs. Various herbs are being used to preclude the hair loss and remorse of hairs including aloe vera, brahmi, nagarmotha, amla, bhringraj, and lots of different herbs. Being average medicines there are various advantages of making use of them like patient compliance, less side-results, convenient availability, inexpensive and multiple mode ofapplications to treat Alopecia and other hair diseases .KEYWORDS: Herbal Medicine, Herbal Cosmetics, Natural Herbs, Hair Growth Activity, Hair Cycle, Brahmi, Nagarmotha, Amla, Bhringraj, Alopecia, Alopecia Areata, Allopathic, Homeopathic, Ayurveda, Beauty, Hair Loss, Hair Fading, Dandruff, Falling of Hair, Herbal formulations, Bacopa Monnieri, Cyperus Rotundus, Emblica Officinalis, Medicinal plants, Cosmetics

A Comparison of AODV Routing Protocols to Prevent Black Hole Attack in Manet

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected wirelessly.Due to limited power supply, physical infrastructure and absence of central base station, malicious nodes can easily disguise themselves among the legitimate nodes. So MANET is vulnerable to many security threats, among which one is the blackhole attack. In this attack, the malicious node misuses the protocols to advertise the shortest path to destination node and drops the data packets subsequently. It deterioates the performance of the network, which is based on many factors including Packet Delivery Ratio and End-to-End Delay. Many effective techniques for detecting the blackhole attack have been devised. Among them are the solutions based on Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. In this review paper a comparison is done between three such solutions- CBDAODV, MOSAODV and DPRAODV based on two performance criteria mentioned above