12 research outputs found

    Methodological derivation of the eikonal equation

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    Usually, when working with the eikonal equation, reference is made to its derivation in the monograph by Born and Wolf. The derivation of this equation was done rather carelessly. Understanding this derivation requires a certain number of implicit assumptions. For a better understanding of the eikonal approximation and for methodological purposes, the authors decided to repeat the derivation of the eikonal equation, explicating all possible assumptions. Methodically, the following algorithm for deriving the eikonal equation is proposed. The wave equation is derived from Maxwell’s equation. In this case, all conditions are explicitly introduced under which it is possible to do this. Further, from the wave equation, the transition to the Helmholtz equation is carried out. From the Helmholtz equation, with the application of certain assumptions, a transition is made to the eikonal equation. After analyzing all the assumptions and steps, the transition from the Maxwell’s equations to the eikonal equation is actually implemented. When deriving the eikonal equation, several formalisms are used. The standard formalism of vector analysis is used as the first formalism. Maxwell’s equations and the eikonal equation are written as three-dimensional vectors. After that, both the Maxwell’s equations and the eikonal equation use the covariant 4-dimensional formalism. The result of the work is a methodically consistent description of the eikonal equation

    ВозмоТности языка Julia для ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

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    The Julia programming language is a specialized language for scientific computing. It is relatively new, so most of the libraries for it are in the active development stage. In this article, the authors consider the possibilities of the language in the field of mathematical statistics. Special emphasis is placed on the technical component, in particular, the process of installing and configuring the software environment is described in detail. Since users of the Julia language are often not professional programmers, technical issues in setting up the software environment can cause difficulties that prevent them from quickly mastering the basic features of the language. The article also describes some features of Julia that distinguish it from other popular languages used for scientific computing. The third part of the article provides an overview of the two main libraries for mathematical statistics. The emphasis is again on the technical side in order to give the reader an idea of the general possibilities of the language in the field of mathematical statistics.Π―Π·Ρ‹ΠΊ программирования Julia являСтся спСциализированным языком для Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вычислСний. Π―Π·Ρ‹ΠΊ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ, поэтому Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ для Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ находится Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ стадии Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ возмоТности примСнСния языка Π² области матСматичСской статистики. ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ дСлаСтся Π½Π° тСхничСской ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ, Π² частности ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ описываСтся процСсс установки ΠΈ настройки ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ окруТСния. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ языка Julia Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ программистами, тСхничСскиС ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² настройкС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ окруТСния ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… трудности, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ быстрому освоСнию Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… возмоТностСй языка. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ особСнности Julia, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… популярных языков, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… для Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вычислСний. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ даётся ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… основных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ для матСматичСской статистики. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡ€ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒ-Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈ дСлаСтся Π½Π° тСхничСской сторонС, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ прСдставлСниС ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… возмоТностях языка Π² области матСматичСской статистики

    РСализация гипСрболичСских комплСксных чисСл Π½Π° языкС Julia

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    Hyperbolic complex numbers are used in the description of hyperbolic spaces. One of the well-known examples of such spaces is the Minkowski space, which plays a leading role in the problems of the special theory of relativity and electrodynamics. However, such numbers are not very common in different programming languages. Of interest is the implementation of hyperbolic complex in scientific programming languages, in particular, in the Julia language. The Julia language is based on the concept of multiple dispatch. This concept is an extension of the concept of polymorphism for object-oriented programming languages. To implement hyperbolic complex numbers, the multiple dispatching approach of the Julia language was used. The result is a library that implements hyperbolic numbers. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the concept of multiple dispatching in scientific programming languages is convenient and natural.ГипСрболичСскиС комплСксныС числа ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ описании гипСрболичСских пространств. Одним ΠΈΠ· извСстных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… пространств являСтся пространство Минковского, ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ… частной Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, элСктродинамики. Однако Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ числа Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ распространСны Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… языках программирования. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ интСрСс рСализация гипСрболичСских комплСксных чисСл Π² языках Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ программирования, Π² частности Π² языкС Julia. Π’ основС языка Julia Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ концСпция мноТСствСнной диспСтчСризации (multiple dispatch). Π­Ρ‚Π° концСпция являСтся Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° для ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… языков программирования. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ° для Julia, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ гипСрболичСскиС комплСксныС числа. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ исслСдования ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ± удобствС ΠΈ СстСствСнности ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мноТСствСнной диспСтчСризации Π² языках Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ программирования
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