INFLUENCE VARIOUS REAGENTS ON THE MOLECULAR DIFFUSION INDEX OF SUCROSE FROM BEET

Food products from vegetable raw materials play a special role in the food industry. Sugar is one of the strategically important products. The significance of its is great due to its wide use in confectionery, bakery, liquor, canning, biochemical, pharmaceutical and other branches of human activity. Effective development of the domestic sugar industry depends on the terms of competition with European partners. Production of granulated sugar includes a significant amount of energy-intensive and technologically complex operations, one of which is the extraction of sucrose from beet chips by means of hot countercurrent extraction. The most important criterion for the extraction process efficiency evaluation is the coefficient of molecular diffusion. The efficiency of using of beet chips thermo chemical processing before extraction depending on the quality of processed beet was investigated. It was found out that when using a low quality beet the diffusion coefficient decreases compared to healthy beet. The use of solutio ns of some salts for beet chips heat treatment has an overall positive effect on the diffusion coefficient. A method for recovering sucrose from beet with the use of compounds of Al2(SO4), Ca(SO)4, and (NH4)2SO4 as the extractants was proposed. It was found out that beet samples treatment with solutions of proposed salts provides a sucrose smooth transition from the pores of sugar beet tissue into the extractant due to intense convective washout. It is caused by the high degree of tissue cells plasmolysis achieved in its processing with solutions of proposed reagents. The results obtained indicate a significant increase of the sucrose diffusion coefficient in the ammonium sulfate solution used as the extractant

Prevention of the development of root on stage of post-harvest storage of sugar beet

This article is devoted to the study of the reasons for the decline in the quality of root crops during post-harvest storage in piles under the influence of harmful microflora. The subject of the research is the process of sugar beet storage in enterprises. The causes of sugar beet mass losses are analyzed. Mathematical models have been developed for the intensity of damage to root crops by the most common types of clamp rot. A description of an automated information system designed to maintain the normative parameters of the microclimate inside the piles by means of information technologies is given

Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Effectiveness in Detection of Lumbosacral Spine Degenerative Diseases

Objective: comparative evaluation of output data of a set of trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models and interpretation of pathological changes in lumbar spine by radiologists during magnetic resonance imaging.Material and methods. More than 12,000 anonymized archives were collected to generate training and test neural network datasets from patients aged over 18 years. Each archive consisted of a set of programs in two planes containing T2-TSE, T1-TSE and T2 sequences with fat suppression program. Subsequently, the selected studies were tagged in two steps, directly consisting of manual tagging and its validation by experts. CNN training was performed separately for normal analysis, qualitative detection of individual pathological changes, and quantitative analysis. The accuracy of the models was verified by comparing the protocols of five radiologists and the output of CNN models in two steps. The first, intermediate stage evaluated the accuracy of the neural networks in detecting disc bulges, protrusions and extrusions, spinal canal stenosis, lateral stenosis, foraminal stenosis, spondylolisthesis and facet joint arthrosis. In the final stage, in addition to the pathologies considered in the intermediate one, the accuracy of detecting degenerative changes of the occlusive plates, synovitis of intervertebral joints, intervertebral discs degeneration, osteophytes, transitional vertebrae, hypertrophy of yellow ligaments and Schmorl’s hernia was tested. The reference value for all pathological changes considered in this paper was determined by majority vote and, in case of disagreement, by an external radiologist. The radiologists’ interpretations were then compared with those of the trained model.Results. The artificial intelligence (AI) showed comparable sensitivity and specificity values compared to the reference result in a group of experienced radiologists for binary classification (presence/absence) of individual lumbosacral spine degenerative changes. The sensitivity and specificity of AI results were 0.88 and 0.97 for extrusions, 0.81 and 0.94 for protrusions, 0.87 and 0.98 for central stenosis, 0.83 and 0.85 for lateral stenosis, 0.92 and 0.84 for foraminal stenosis, 0.85 and 0.5 for osteoarthritis, 0.73 and 0.96 for occlusive plates degeneration, 0.85 and 0.84 for intervertebral joint synovitis, 0.91 and 0.88 for osteophytes, 0.93 and 0.72 for intervertebral disc degeneration, 1.0 and 1.0 for transitional vertebrae, 0.8 and 1.0 for spondylolisthesis, 0.67 and 0.99 for yellow ligament hypertrophy, and 0.75 and 1.0 for Schmorl’s hernia, respectively. The accuracy of quantitative size characterization of lumbosacral spine protrusions and extrusions showed unsatisfactory results, but improvements in the quality of determination of these parameters are planned in future work.Conclusion. AI models showed comparable performance to expert radiologists in detecting lumbosacral spine degenerative changes. Consistent improvement of CNN models based on comparative evaluation with radiologists improves the sensitivity and specificity of pathologic change detection

RESEARCH OF LIMY AND CARBONATE SYSTEM OF SUGAR PRODUCTION

Influence of рН and temperature on activity of suspension of lime and carbonate in sugar production is investigated. Possibility of decrease in a consumption of reagents on purification of production sugar solutions is established

THE INFLUENCE OF THERMO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT ON THE MOLECULAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF SUCROSE FROM SUGAR BEET

Traditional methods of extraction do not provide the required amount of sucrose extraction from sugar beet pulp. To improve the process it is advisable to use additional methods of processing pulp, including the thermo-physical methods using various coolants. Thermal pre-treatment of sugar beet pulp can increase the period of active extraction, the recovery of sucrose from it and reduce the loss of sugar in the pulp, increase the productivity of diffusion unit. One of the most important criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the extraction process is the value of the molecular diffusion coefficient D, m2/s. The coefficient is a physical constant that characterizes the ability of a substance to penetrate by diffusion in the stationary medium. One of the most promising technological directions that increases the efficiency of the extraction process and accelerates the extraction of sugar from the pulp, is its scalding, as well as the use of different extractants for the diffusion process. The method of extraction sucrose from sugar beet with the application of preliminary scalding of sugar beet samples and the use of solutions of various salts as extractants was proposed. Positive effect of heat treatment on the molecular diffusion coefficient of sucrose from sugar beet was found experimentally. The value of the optimal duration of scalding is 30 seconds. It was found out that the heat treatment of sugar beet samples with the solutions of proposed salts leads to a gradual uniform heating of beet tissues and denaturation of proteins, which increases the diffusion coefficient of the sugar beet tissue sucrose. The maximum value of the diffusion coefficient is achieved by using as an extractant solution of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4. The optimal value of the duration of contact of sugar beet pulp and the proposed reactant was determined and it accounted 30 seconds

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING AND PURIFYING THE CONCENTRATED SUGAR SOLUTIONS USING AN ELECTRIC FIELD

Influence of electric field on change of quality indicators of products when processing reed sugar raw is investigated, optimum parameters of process are determined

Modeling the design of the scaler for thermochemical treatment of beet ships before extracting sucharose

The extraction of sucrose is a key process in sugar beet production that determines its efficiency. This process is significantly accelerated by a complex thermal, electrical and chemical effect on beet tissue in the process of its preparation and is carried out in scalders of various designs. The design parameters of the scalder can be estimated using mathematical modeling methods. When developing the model, a finite element approach was used by representing complex bodies in the form of a large number of separate elements of the same type and the method of particle dynamics. In the simulation, a number of coefficients were introduced related to splitting the chips into separate spherical elements: mЭ, cС, dЭС, cИС. Reference and experimental data were used to calculate them. The mathematical model is implemented in the form of a system of differential and algebraic equations, for the processing of which a computer program in the Object Pascal language has been developed. The developed model makes it possible to vary a large number of design and technological parameters of the scalder and mechanical and geometric parameters of beet chips, and to determine indicators characterizing the efficiency of thermochemical processing of chips. The angle of inclination of the nozzle in the vertical plane, length and diameter of the nozzle were chosen as design parameters. The efficiency of the scalder design was evaluated by the mass of beet chips accumulated on the nozzle and the contact time of the beet chips with the inner surfaces of the scalder. In the course of a computer experiment, it was found that an increase in the angle of inclination of the nozzles at different lengths and diameters significantly reduces the mass of accumulated chips and the time of contact of the chips with the surface of the scalder. The resulting model is intended for the design of prototypes of the scalder

Analysis of yellow sugar coloring substances from sugar beet production

Coloring substances (colorants) adsorbing on the surface of growing sugar crystals or incorporating into the crystal lattice, reduce the speed of sucrose crystallization, increase the color and hygroscopicity of sugar, tend to clod during storage. Most of the colored nonsugars are found on the surface of yellow sugar crystals so it is possible to reduce the color of yellow sugar by 50-80% with the help of affinity. The distribution of coloring substances in the crystals of yellow sugar and their composition have not been studied sufficiently. The purpose of this research was to study the coloring substances of yellow sugar obtained during the sugar beet processing. As a result of the research it was found that up to 90% of yellow sugar coloring substances is in the film located on the crystals surface and can be easily removed by affinity. It was experimentally learnt that the main products in the coloring matter are the products of alkaline decomposition of reducing substances: their content is 10 times higher than that of caramel and melanoidins, which is in good agreement with the conditions for carrying out the technological processes of sugar beet production. The content of all groups of coloring substances correlates well with the crystals size: the least fraction of the colorants contains a fraction of 0.5 mm in size; in crystals of a larger and smaller size, the content of all groups of coloring substances increases. Yellow sugar coloring substances are extracted with acetic acid most effectively, because it is a weakly polar proton solvent. The noted absorption maxima for aqueous, acetate and ethyl acetate extracts do not coincide, which indicates the presence of various coloring agents in them.

A METHODOLOGY FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR FACTORIES

The method for estimate of efficiency individual stages of sugar beet production process with using of analytical quality factors is proposed. The model had been resulted was tested by analyzing the performance of CCA sugar mills

MICROFLORA OF BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Summary. Sugar beet is one of the strategic crops for food safety of Russia. The lack of specialized warehouse for harvest does not provide storage of roots for a long time. In the case of a thaw roots that have been defrosted unsuitable for processing. Beet and products of its processing is a good object for the development of microorganisms. Permanent microflora of sugar production are: Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringes, Leuconostoc dextranicum, Torula alba, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Sarcina lutea and other kinds of microorganisms, leading to a problem processing of beet root and reduced quality of sugar. The most dangerous is the slimy bacteriosis is a bacterial disease beet caused by heterofermentative cocci of Leuconostoc (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, L. dextranicum). Product of the vital activity of microorganisms is dextran, which is synthesized from sucrose as a result of dextrany or mucous fermentation and leads to significant technological problems in processing of infected beet. Improving the efficiency of sugar production is connected with decrease in loss of quality of raw material preparation, storing and processing of sugar beet. At sugar plants use a variety of drugs that suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora, but there comes a rapid adaptation of microorganisms, therefore there is a need to implement new products to prevent damage to roots and improve the quality of produced sugar. To resolve this problem experimentally selected bactericidal drug, defined its rational concentration and conditions for the use in sugar beet production. The use of antibacterial drug in the process of extraction allows to increase the purity of diffusion juice 1.3 %, reduce the protein content in it (12.5 %); with the purity of the pure juice increases by 1.1 %, its color index is reduced by 44.7 %