2,761 research outputs found
Formation of rectifier with gold nanoclusters
Gold nanoclusters encapsulated with organic molecules are of great interest
for its possible applications in the fields of molecular electronics, catalysis
and medical science. Here we demonstrate that monolayer and bilayer films of
thiol-capped gold nanoclusters can exhibit diode-like properties provided
controlled spatial asymmetry exist between two tunnel junctions used to connect
a thiol capped gold nanoclusters. Current-voltage characteristics of this
rectifier were obtained from conducting probe atomic force microscopy
measurements and also from conventional two probe resistance measurements.
Systematic x-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy measurements were
carried out to characterize the spatial asymmetry introduced by a monolayer of
fatty acid salt gadolinium stearate used to deposit thiol-capped gold
nanocluster molecules on hydrophilic SiO2-Si(001) substrate by Langmuir
Blodgett technique. This information was used to explain prominent
rectification observed in these nano-structured films.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
A clinical study of mode of delivery and perinatal outcome in iligohydramnios
Background: To evaluate intrapartum sequale of sonographically diagnosed Oligohydrominos such as rate of caesarean section, fetal distress and condition of the new born.Methods: This Prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and Gynecology, Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre between June 2015 to December 2016. The antenatal women with gestational age more than 34 weeks and above, attending our OPD or labor room were included in this study.Results: A total of 140 cases of Oligohydromnias were selected for present study and outcome were assessed. The mean maternal age is 24.42 years. 32.14% cases have delivered vaginally, 67.82% patients went for caesarean sections, 10.7% of babies needed NICU care and 1 was still birth. No adverse maternal complications were observed during the study.Conclusions: Oligohydromnia is one of the frequent complications during labor. The risk of muconium staining of liquor, intrapartum fetal distress, operative delivery and NICU admissions are more in Oligohydromnia cases
Genetic Analysis in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Fifty genotypes of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were evaluated for variability, correlation, path analysis and divergence for yield and its contributing characters. Analysis of variance showed significant variation for all the characters, indicating presence of sufficient variability in the material studied. Genotypic correlations were higher than those of their respective phenotypic correlation coefficients in majority of the cases suggesting, that, genotypic correlations were stronger, reliable and free from environmental influences. Path analysis based on genotypic association revealed that number of fruits per plant and moisture percentage was the main yieldattributing characters in fruit yield of muskmelon. Total soluble solids exhibited positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant. Thus, number of fruits per plant, moisture percentage and total soluble solids may be given more weightage for an effective selection to improve fruit yield in muskmelon. On the basis of relative magnitude of D2 values, all the genotypes were grouped in seven clusters. Maximum genetic distance was observed between clusters II and V, while clusters III and VII displayed the lowest degree of divergence. Total soluble sugars followed by total soluble solids and fruit yield per plant contributed the most towards divergence
Electrical characteristics of layered palladium alkanethiolates by conducting atomic force microscopy
Current-voltage measurements on individual Pd(II) alkanethiolate nanostructures of varying bilayer thicknesses (hexyl to hexadecyl) employing conducting atomic force microscopy have shown the presence of a low current region near zero bias, the width of which increases with the bilayer thickness. The resistance in this region varies exponentially with the bilayer thickness with a low decay parameter value of 0.2±0.04 Å-1 indicating a long-range nonresonant tunneling through the alkyl chains. The changeover from low current to high current with increasing bias is accompanied by a negative differential resistance feature, which arises due to Pd-S charge transfer
Experimental and theoretical electronic charge densities in molecular crystals
Electronic charge density distribution in molecular systems has been described in terms of the topological properties. After briefly reviewing methods of obtaining charge densities from X-ray diffraction and theory, typical case studies are discussed. These studies include rings and cage systems, hydrogen bonded solids, polymorphic solids and molecular NLO materials. It is shown how combined experimental and theoretical investigations of charge densities in molecular crystals can provide useful insights into electronic structure and reactivity
Information content of note transitions in the music of J. S. Bach
Music has a complex structure that expresses emotion and conveys information.
Humans process that information through imperfect cognitive instruments that
produce a gestalt, smeared version of reality. How can we quantify the
information contained in a piece of music? Further, what is the information
inferred by a human, and how does that relate to (and differ from) the true
structure of a piece? To tackle these questions quantitatively, we present a
framework to study the information conveyed in a musical piece by constructing
and analyzing networks formed by notes (nodes) and their transitions (edges).
Using this framework, we analyze music composed by J. S. Bach through the lens
of network science and information theory. Regarded as one of the greatest
composers in the Western music tradition, Bach's work is highly mathematically
structured and spans a wide range of compositional forms, such as fugues and
choral pieces. Conceptualizing each composition as a network of note
transitions, we quantify the information contained in each piece and find that
different kinds of compositions can be grouped together according to their
information content and network structure. Moreover, we find that the music
networks communicate large amounts of information while maintaining small
deviations of the inferred network from the true network, suggesting that they
are structured for efficient communication of information. We probe the network
structures that enable this rapid and efficient communication of
information--namely, high heterogeneity and strong clustering. Taken together,
our findings shed new light on the information and network properties of Bach's
compositions. More generally, our framework serves as a stepping stone for
exploring musical complexities, creativity and the structure of information in
a range of complex systems.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figure; discussion in section IV and VII expanded,
references added, results unchange
SegViz: A federated-learning based framework for multi-organ segmentation on heterogeneous data sets with partial annotations
Segmentation is one of the most primary tasks in deep learning for medical
imaging, owing to its multiple downstream clinical applications. However,
generating manual annotations for medical images is time-consuming, requires
high skill, and is an expensive effort, especially for 3D images. One potential
solution is to aggregate knowledge from partially annotated datasets from
multiple groups to collaboratively train global models using Federated
Learning. To this end, we propose SegViz, a federated learning-based framework
to train a segmentation model from distributed non-i.i.d datasets with partial
annotations. The performance of SegViz was compared against training individual
models separately on each dataset as well as centrally aggregating all the
datasets in one place and training a single model. The SegViz framework using
FedBN as the aggregation strategy demonstrated excellent performance on the
external BTCV set with dice scores of 0.93, 0.83, 0.55, and 0.75 for
segmentation of liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys, respectively,
significantly () better (except spleen) than the dice scores of 0.87,
0.83, 0.42, and 0.48 for the baseline models. In contrast, the central
aggregation model significantly () performed poorly on the test dataset
with dice scores of 0.65, 0, 0.55, and 0.68. Our results demonstrate the
potential of the SegViz framework to train multi-task models from distributed
datasets with partial labels. All our implementations are open-source and
available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SegViz-B74
Metal hierarchical patterning by direct nanoimprint lithography
Three-dimensional hierarchical patterning of metals is of paramount importance in diverse fields involving photonics, controlling surface wettability and wearable electronics. Conventionally, this type of structuring is tedious and usually involves layer-by-layer lithographic patterning. Here, we describe a simple process of direct nanoimprint lithography using palladium benzylthiolate, a versatile metal-organic ink, which not only leads to the formation of hierarchical patterns but also is amenable to layer-by-layer stacking of the metal over large areas. The key to achieving such multi-faceted patterning is hysteretic melting of ink, enabling its shaping. It undergoes transformation to metallic palladium under gentle thermal conditions without affecting the integrity of the hierarchical patterns on micro- as well as nanoscale. A metallic rice leaf structure showing anisotropic wetting behavior and woodpile-like structures were thus fabricated. Furthermore, this method is extendable for transferring imprinted structures to a flexible substrate to make them robust enough to sustain numerous bending cycles
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