Determination of the best lactation curve model and lactation curve parameters using different nonlinear models for anatolian buffaloes

The present investigation was conducted to determine the lactation curve parameters and to choose the best model that defines the lactation curve. Data were composed of 4897 test day milk yield (TDMY) records from Anatolian buffaloes calved during 2014-2017 raised under different farm conditions in Amasya Province, Turkey. Five different lactation curve models such as Wood (WOD), Cobby and Le Du (CLD), Exponential (EXP), Parabolic Exponential (PEXP) and Quadratic (QUA) models were used. The adjusted multiple coefficient of determination (R2 adj) and the residual standard deviation (RSD) were evaluated as parameters to detect the best fitted lactation curve model. The results revealed that WOD model described the highest R2 adj (0.98) and with the lowest RSD (0.065), besides the highest R2 adj (0.97) and the lowest RSD (0.087) were also observed in CLD model. To conclude, WOD and CLD models were detected to be the most suitable models defining the lactation curve of Anatolian buffaloes. As a result, using the parameters detected via WOD and CLD models in breeding studies will contribute significantly to the researches in this direction in these herds. © 2020 Zoological Society of Pakistan

The influence of calving year on milk yield and milk components in dairy cattle

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of calving year on milk yield and milk composition traits in Holstein and Jersey cattle raised in the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey, respectively. The data set consisted of 582 dairy cows, which were 306 Holstein raised and 276 Jersey cows calving from 2011 to 2013. Except for fat yield, test day milk yield (TDMY), 305-day milk yield (305 DMY), fat percentage, protein percentage and protein yield of Jersey cows were affected by calving season. The effect of calving year on TDMY, 305 DMY, fat percentage, fat yield, protein percentage and protein yield of Holstein cows were found to be statically significant. In conclusion, in 2011 to 2013, milk yield and its composition in both Holstein and Jersey cows were significantly related to calving year

Učinak broja somatskih stanica na prinos i sastav mlijeka u krava holštajnske pasmine

This study was conducted to assess the impact of somatic cell count (SCC) on the test day milk yield (TDMY) and milk composition parameters (fat, solids-not-fat, protein and lactose) of Holstein cows raised in the Kırşehir province of Turkey. A total of 1194 raw milk samples were collected from 195 Holstein cows at different stages of lactation (from 1 to 7), parities (from 1 to 3) and calving seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer). Also, TDMY and milk composition traits were tested by SCC in four groups (500×103 cells/mL). For statistical evaluation, SCC data were converted to log10 base. The overall means of log10SCC, TDMY, fat, solids-not-fat (SNF), protein and lactose were determined as 4.95 ± 0.016, 33.36 ± 0.232 kg/day, 3.39 ± 0.021%, 9.04 ± 0.013%, 3.32 ± 0.005% and 4.92 ± 0.007%, respectively. Log10SCC, TDMY, fat, SNF, protein and lactose were significantly affected by the stage of lactation, parity and calving seasons (P201×103 cells/mL) had a lower TDMY than milk with lower SCC (500×103 cells/mL. It was concluded that SCC in milk should not exceed 500×103 cells/mL for Holstein cows, suggesting that monthly control of SCC may be effective for improving milk production and milk quality in Holstein cows.Ovim se istraživanjem želio ustanoviti utjecaj broja somatskih stanica (SCC) na dnevni prinos mlijeka (TDMY) i sastav mlijeka (masnoća, suha tvar, bjelančevine i laktoza) krava holštajnske pasmine u Kirşehiru u Turskoj. Ukupno 1194 uzoraka sirova mlijeka prikupljeno je od 195 krava holštajnske pasmine u različitim fazama laktacije (od 1 do 7), pariteta (od 1 do 3) i različitim razdobljima teljenja (jesen, zima, proljeće i ljeto). Također, ispitivan je broj somatskih stanica s obzirom na dnevni prinos i sastav mlijeka u četiri skupine (500×103 stanica po mililitru). Za statističku obradu podaci o broju stanica prikazani su u bazi 10 logaritma (log10). Ukupna srednja vrijednost log10 za SSC iznosila je 4.95 ± 0.016, za TDMY 33.36 ± 0.232 kg/day, za masnoću 3.39 ± 0.021 %, za suhu tvar 9.04 ± 0.013 %, za bjelančevine 3.32 ± 0.005 % i za laktozu 4.92 ± 0.007 %. Na ukupnu srednju vrijednost log10SCC, dnevnog prinosa, masnoće, suhe tvari, bjelančevina i laktoze statistički znakovito (P201×103 stanica po mililitru) imale su manji dnevni prinos mlijeka nego one s manjim brojem somatskih stanica (<100×103 i 100-200 stanica po mililitru). Smanjen dnevni prinos i manja količina masnoće, suhe tvari, bjelančevina i laktoze utvrđeni su u mlijeku s brojem somatskih stanica većim od 500×103 stanica po mililitru. Zaključeno je da broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku ne bi trebao biti veći od 500× 103 stanica po mililitru te da bi mjesečna kontrola broja somatskih stanica u mlijeku krava holštajnske pasmine mogla povećati proizvodnju i poboljšati njegovu kakvoću

Fatty acid profilies and some meat quality traits at different slaughter weights of Brown Swiss bulls

This research was done to detect some meat quality traits and tissue fatty acid combination of the longissimus dorsi thoracis (LT) muscle of Brown Swiss bulls at the different slaughter weights (SW). The animal material of the study comprised 20 Brown Swiss bulls. In the study, Brown Swiss bulls were divided into two groups according to their SW as low (LSW (n = 10); 431–503 kg) and high (HSW (n = 10); 504–583 kg). In the study, the LSW group showed the lowest final pH value (pHF) (5.44) (P 0.05). In the research, the differences observed between the SW groups considering a* (redness) and C (chroma) values were found significant (P 0.05). Freeze–thaw loss (FL) and ether extract (PEE) were found 4.35% and 1.01% higher, respectively, in the HSW group than the LSW group (P 0.05) in the LT muscle decreased with the increase of SW. As a result, when LSW and HSW slaughter weight groups were evaluated considering the water losses causing financial losses in meat and fatty acids having beneficial effects on human health, it was seen that the LSW group came to the fore. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V

Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for body condition score, milk yield and milk composition, and factors affecting related traits during the first 150 days of lactation in Holstein cows

This study aimed to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for BCS, milk yield and its composition in Holstein cows. The data were collected in the first 150 days in milk (DIM) of 317 Holstein cows calved between 2017 and 2018 raised at a pri-vate dairy cattle farm located in Kırşehir of Turkey. In this study, parity and DIM were included as fixed factors in the model. The cows were grouped according to their BCS: low (BCS≤2.50), moderate (BCS=2.75-3.00) and high (BCS≥3.25). The results showed that effects of parity and DIM on BCS, test-day milk yield (TDMY), solids-non-fat (SNF), protein content (PC), lactose (LACT), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) were significantly important (P<0.05), whereas fat content (FC) was not. The highest TDMY, FY and PY were determined in cows with low BCS. FC, SNF, PC and LACT were the highest in cows with high BCS compared to those with low BCS and moderate BCS. The estimated heritability were 0.188, 0.301, 0.184, 0.197, 0.194, 0.223, 0.196 and 0.342 for BCS, TDMY, FC, SNF, PC, LACT, FY and PY, respectively. Repeatability for these traits was estimated to vary from 0.257 to 0.521. Genetic correlations between BCS and milk yield traits were generally low and ranged from-0.175 to 0.191. Low to moderate phenotypic correlations were also observed between BCS and milk yield traits (-0.234 to 0.217). Despite estimated low heritability and correlations during the early lactation period in our study, these results showed that cows with lower BCS had higher milk yield and lower milk contents, and selection programs including BCS will lead to slight improvements of milk yield traits in Holstein cows. © 2022, Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved

Jersey ineklerinde süt verim özelliklerine ait genetik ve çevresel parametrelerin tahmini

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and environmental factors for testday milk yield (TDMY), lactation milk yield (LMY), 305-day milk yield (305-DMY), milk fatpercentage (FP) and milk protein percentage (PP) of Jersey cows raised on KaraköyAgricultural State Farm in Samsun province of Turkey. The data were obtained from 279 milkyield records of 170 heads cows calved from 2011 to 2013 years. Parity, calving season andcalving year were considered as fixed effects. Heritability, additive genetic variance andphenotypic variance were estimated by multiple trait derivative free restricted maximumlikelihood (MTDFREML) with the animal model. Variance analysis results showed thatexcept for FP, the effects of parity and calving year on TDMY, LMY, 305-DMY and PP weresignificantly important (P0.05). Heritability estimates for TDMY, LMY, 305-DMY, FP and PPwere 0.38, 0.30, 0.28, 0.19, and 0.36, respectively. Repeatability for TDMY, LMY, 305-DMY, FP and PP were ranged from 0.35 to 0.45. The results indicate that these traits can beused as a selection criteria in genetic improvement of Jersey cattle this herd.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Samsun ilinde bulunan Karaköy Tarım İşletmesi’nde yetiştirilen Jersey ineklerinin test günü süt verimi (TGSV), laktasyon süt verimi (LSV), 305- gün süt verimi (305-GSV), süt yağ oranı (YO) ve süt protein oranı (PO) için genetik parametre ve çevresel faktörleri tahmin etmektir. Veriler, 2011 ve 2013 yılları arasında buzağılamış 170 baş ineğin 279 süt verim kaydından elde edilmiştir. Laktasyon sırası, buzağılama mevsimi ve buzağılama yılı sabit faktörler olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Kalıtım derecesi, eklemeli genetik varyans ve fenotipik varyans, bireysel hayvan modelinde MTDFREML ile tahmin edilmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçları, YO hariç, TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO üzerine laktasyon sırası ve buzağılama yılının etkilerinin istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğunu göstermiştir (P<0.05). Ancak, buzağılama mevsimi TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO’nı etkilememiştir. TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO için kalıtım dereceleri sırasıyla 0.38, 0.30, 0.28, 0.19 ve 0.36 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO için tekrarlama dereceleri ise 0.35 ile 0.45 arasındadır. Sonuçlar, bu özelliklerin bu sürüde Jersey sığırların genetik olarak iyileştirilmesinde bir seleksiyon kriterleri olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir

Genetic polymorphism of STAT1 and STAT5A genes in holstein, Jersey, and indigenous cattle breeds in Turkey

This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism in STAT1 and STAT5A genes for dairy cattle and some native cattle breeds in Turkey. 283 Jersey and a total of 472 Holstein cows from two different herds and 93 Grey Steppe, 85 Anatolian Black Cattle, and 66 East Anatolian Red cattle were used in this research. Generally, C allele gene frequency was higher than T allele for STAT1 in all breeds whereas C allele gene frequency was detected higher than G allele for STAT5A in Jersey and East Anatolian Red. On the other hand, G allele gene frequency was higher than C allele in Holstein, Grey Steppe, and Anatolian Black Cattle breeds. The expected deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were significant only for Jersey breeds for STAT1 gene. Meanwhile, the expected deviation from equilibrium was also significantly different for Holstein in Black Sea Region (BSR), Anatolian Black Cattle and Grey Steppe for the STAT5A gene. FIS values were determined to STAT1 gene as negative for all breeds except for Holstein in Marmara Region (MR). Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive for all breeds except for Holstein in BSR. The genetic distances for two loci were calculated between 0.0029 and 0.1599 among all populations. Depending on the cluster analysis, Holstein in BSR and MR, Anatolian Black Cattle, East Anatolian Red were closely clustered to each other, while Grey Steppe and Jersey were located in completely different clusters. As a conclusion, based on the detected genetic diversity in STAT1 and STAT5A genes, it is possible to make a genetic improvement among bovine breeds raised in Turkey. © 2020, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved

Relationships between milk insulin-like growth factor-i (IGF-I) concentration and Body condition score with reproductive performance and milk yield in Jersey cows

Introduction: One of the most important hormones affecting reproductive and milk yield is insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). IGF-I is closely related to nutritional status and the post-partum ovarian activity in dairy cows. It also stimulates milk synthesis and its secretion. Body condition score (BCS) is a useful management tool routinely used to predict body fat storage and energy status in dairy cows and has a strong influence on milk production and reproductive efficiency for the upcoming lactation after calving. Many publications have been available on BCS and serum or plasma IGF-I in Holstein cows. However, the information regarding the milk of Jersey cows has been limited. Therefore, further studies have been required to reveal the effect of IGF-I and BCS on reproduction and milk yield traits of this breed. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between milk IGF-I concentration and body condition score (BCS) with reproduction performance and milk yield of Jersey cows raised at Karakoy State Farm in Samsun. Materials and methods: The mean milk IGF-I concentration and BCS were calculated by taking the mean of the three lactation periods (70±14, 140±14, and 210±14 days) using the repeated measures analysis procedure. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied for milk IGF-I analyses. BCS was assessed using a scale of 1 to 5 points with 0.25 unit increments. Results and discussion: The effects of stage of lactation on IGF-I and BCS classes were significant (P<0.001). The effects of mean IGF-I concentration on interval calving to first service (ICFS) (0.041), calving interval (CI) (0.042), and dry period (DP) (0.030) were found statistically important. Significant correlations were also determined between mean IGF-I and ICFS (-0.184), CI (-0.183), or lactation length (LL) (-0.155), and ICFS, CI, and LL were found to be shorter in cows with higher IGF-I. Both reproduction and milk yield traits were not affected by BCS. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed that milk IGF-I concentration may be used as an indicator to detect reproduction characteristics of dairy cows. © 2018 Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved.PYO.ZRT.1904.10.022 --This manuscript was produced from PhD thesis of the first author. Financial support was provided by the Project Menagement Office of Ondokuz Mayis University (Project No: PYO.ZRT.1904.10.022). We are also grateful to Karakoy State Farm for providing the animal and Prof. Dr. Savas¸ Ata-sever for his valuable assistance. This work was edited grammatically by Prof. Dr. Ahmet S¸ahin who has PhD degree from Leeds University, UK. -

Odnos broja somatskih stanica te prinosa i sastava mlijeka u različitim stadijima laktacije u holštajnskih krava

Globally, the milk yield of Holstein cows has increased considerably, but this situation has reduced the cows’ tolerance to environmental factors and, thus, it has negatively affected udder health and milk quality. This study aimed to determine the influence of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and its composition in early (200 days) between November 2019 and August 2020. The study material consists of 927 records of 132 Holstein cows raised on a commercial dairy cattle farm in the Kırşehir province of Turkey. SCC was categorized into three groups (200x103 cell/mL). SCC data were logarithmically transformed to log10 base. In the study, logSCC, test day milk yield (MY), fat content (FC), solidsnot-fat (SNF), protein content (PC), lactose content (LC), fat yield (FY), and protein yield (PY) were recorded as 5.12±0.01, 37.54±0.34 kg, 3.59±0.02%, 9.08±0.01%, 3.35±0.01%, 4.99±0.01%, 1.33±0.01 kg, and 1.26±0.01 kg, respectively. LogSCC, MY, FC, SNF, PC, LC, FY, and PY were significantly affected by the parity, lactation stage, and sampling season (P200x103 cells/mL. Consequently, it may be that milk loss related to an increase in SCC was, consequently, highest toward the end of lactation. As a result, we suggest that prevalence measures should focus on reducing the incidence of SCC toward the end of lactation in Holstein cows.Proizvodnja mlijeka holštajnskih krava znatno je porasla na globalnoj razini, što je smanjilo otpornost krava na čimbenike okoliša i time negativno utjecalo na zdravlje vimena i kvalitetu mlijeka. Cilj je istraživanja bio odrediti utjecaj broja somatskih stanica (SCC) na prinos i sastav mlijeka u krava u ranoj laktaciji (200 dana). U razdoblju od studenoga 2019. do kolovoza 2020. prikupljeno je 927 podataka od 132 krave holštajnske pasmine s komercijalne farme za proizvodnju mlijeka u pokrajini Kırşehir u Turskoj. SCC je kategoriziran u tri skupine: 200x103 stanica/mL. Vrijednosti SCC-a logaritamski su transformirane u bazu log10. Za pojedine pokazatelje su utvrđene sljedeće vrijednosti: logSCC 5,12±0,01, dnevni prinos mlijeka (MY) 37,54±0,34 kg, udio masne tvari (FC) 3,59±0,02%, udio nemasne čvrste tvari (SNF) 9,08±0,01%, sadržaj bjelančevina (PC) 3,35±0,01%, sadržaj laktoze (LC) 4,99±0,01%, prinos masti (FY) 1,33±0,01 kg i prinos bjelančevina (PY) 1,26±0,01. Na logSCC, MY, FC, SNF, PC, LC, FY i PY znakovito (P<0,05) su utjecali paritet, stadij laktacije i sezona u kojoj je uzorkovanje provedeno. Na prinos i sastav mlijeka u kasnoj laktaciji negativno je utjecao visok SCC u usporedbi s laktacijom u ranoj i srednjoj fazi. Pokazalo se da su vrijednosti MY, SNF, PC, LC, FY i PY bile najveće u krava sa SCC-om manjim od 100x103 stanica/mL, a najmanje u krava sa SCC-om većim od 200x103 stanica/mL. Može se stoga pretpostaviti da gubitak mlijeka povezan s povećanjem SCC-a raste kako se bliži kraj laktacije. Zaključuje se da bi u krava holštajnske pasmine preventivne mjere trebalo usmjeriti na smanjenje pojavnosti SCC-a u razdoblju prema kraju laktacije