The quality and use value of the false flax (Camelina sativa [L.] Crantz)

Alternative plant cultures with favorable agronomic characteristics are a great source of refined edible oil and renewable industrial oil products. False flax stands out as a species with modest growing requirements, short vegetation and diverse use. Accordingly, the breeding program of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad created two cultivars of false flax, NS Zlatka and NS Slatka, which were the research material of this study. The use and production value of these false flax cultivars were determined by examining important seed quality characteristics: oil content, oil yield, protein content and protein yield. The highest oil content was obtained in NS Slatka (45.90%) in 2016, while the highest protein content was 30.30%. The highest oil yield (801 kg/ha in 2017) and the highest protein yield (424 kg/ha in 2017) were detected in NS Zlatka. The data obtained from the field and laboratory were analyzed by analysis of variance, Duncan test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Statistically significant differences were identified between the cultivars, and strong environmental influence was affirmed. By examining the correlations of the analyzed features, statistically significant correlations were found. The most common fatty acids included linolenic acid (33.80%), linoleic acid (18.81%), oleic acid (15.99%), eicosenoic acid (14.22%) and erucic acid (2.90%). The results obtained are applicable in further breeding program of false flax. They are of special importance in increasing the use value of false flax owing to the oil and meal high quality and potential for even more diverse use

Seed size and substrate effect on seed germination of inbred sunflower lines

Agricultural production especially seed production, is highly important due to the fact that 95% of food is produced from plants that reproduce with seeds. For successful seed production, it is necessary to use certified seed with high germination. Seed size is one of the components of seed quality, which has a high effect on seed germination. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of seed size, obtained during seed processing, originating from the same location, on the germination of seeds of sunflower inbred lines and to assess the influence of substrate on seed germination. The study included larger and smaller seed size fractions of nine inbred lines of sunflower on three different substrates (filter paper, sand and soil substrate). The seed material for this research was produced in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results indicate that germination depended on the seed size, but also statistical analysis determined highly significant influence of substrate and genotype and their interaction. It was also found that larger seeds achieved a higher germination rate by 2% than smaller seeds, regardless the substrate and inbred line, and the difference was statistically significant. Therefore, it is recommended to sow larger seeds and achieve better seed germination which directly affects the number of plants per unit area