Accuracy of Transillumination in the Recognition of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in the Neonate

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66508/2/10.1177_000992287701600404.pd

Mechanism of endotracheal tube movement with change of head position in the neonate

The mechanism of alteration of endotracheal tube position with movement of the head and neck in the neonate was studied in a term newborn cadaver. The infant was intubated and serial radiographs were obtained with the head and neck in different positions. We propose that the skull acts as a lever arm from the anterior end of the maxilla to the first cervical vertebra. The fulcrum for movement of this lever arm is the upper cervical spine. Movement of the endotracheal tube in the trachea is directed by the maxillocervical lever arm when the skull and upper cervical spine are flexed, extended, or rotated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46723/1/247_2004_Article_BF00973968.pd

A simple method for production of slides of CT images from multiformat radiographs

Sixteen on 1 multiformat images of CT scans can be mounted directly into special "super slide" 2 by 2 in. mounts. Use of special photographic equipment is thus avoided.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22705/1/0000259.pd

A simple technique for eliminating tracheal buckling on lateral neck roentgenograms

Brief, gentle extrinsic pressure on the trachea at the level of the cricothyroid membrane during lateral roentgenography of the neck is suggested as a safe, simple, and reliable means of evaluating the retrotracheal pre-cervical soft tissues in infants and children.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46690/1/247_2004_Article_BF00972851.pd

role of limbic system in the control of hamster growth

Rostral septal lesions accelerate somatic growth in adult hamsters. This study tested the hypothesis that this effect results from damage to fibers of passage by observing the effects of transections of septohippocampal and septohypothalamic connections on growth. We attempted to identify these fibers further by (a) measuring spectrofluorometrically changes in the monoamine concentrations in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, and diencephalon, (b) staining the degenerating axons after septal lesions and the two cuts, and (c) examining the correspondence between such damage and the acceleration of growth. Both knife cuts accelerated somatic growth and were associated (as well as septal lesions) with significant depletions of serotonin (-27 to -57%) and norepinephrine (-27 to -60%) in the hippocampus, with less consistent depletions of these monoamines in the cerebral cortex, and with no changes in regional dopamine content. All three procedures were associated with degeneration in the hippocampal formation and its fiber systems. Thus, fibers interconnecting hippocampus and brainstem, and passing through septum, exert tonic suppression over somatic growth in adult hamsters.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23616/1/0000579.pd

Ultrasonography of the annular ligament partial tear and recurrent “pulled elbow”

A 2-year-old boy had multiple episodes of radial head subluxation, recurrent “pulled elbow.” On initial ultrasonography, there was subluxation of the radial head in relation to the capitellum, and the annular ligament was partially disrupted. Following brace treatment, subluxation of the radial head was corrected and annular ligament disruption healed. As shown by ultrasonography, these findings correlated well with the clinical course and can be utilized to guide treatment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46709/1/247_2004_Article_1284.pd

Knee maturation as a differentiating sign between congenital rubella and cytomegalovirus infections

Knee epiphyseal maturation is retarded in most neonates with congenital rubella infection, whereas neonates with congenital cytomegalovirus infection have relatively normal maturation. Assessment of knee maturation is useful in differentiating rubella from cytomegalovirus infection in the neonate.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46720/1/247_2004_Article_BF00973813.pd

Computed tomography of malignant tumors of the osseous pelvis

The medical records, conventional radiographs, bone scans and pelvic CT scans obtained in 50 consecutive patients with malignant lesions involving the osseous pelvis were retrospestively reviewed. In 21 patients with primary bone tumors or with osseous involvement from adjacent pelvic neoplasms, CT provided additional information, in 17 patients (80%) which had direct bearing in the clinical management. CT was less useful in 29 patients with bony metastases. Although more information was obtained, this was of clinical significance in only 12 patients.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25272/1/0000715.pd

Human Dectin-1 Deficiency Impairs Macrophage-Mediated Defense Against Phaeohyphomycosis

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis typically affects immunocompetent individuals following traumatic inoculation. Severe or disseminated infection can occur in CARD9 deficiency or after transplantation, but the mechanisms protecting against phaeohyphomycosis remain unclear. We evaluated a patient with progressive, refractory Corynespora cassiicola phaeohyphomycosis and found that he carried biallelic deleterious mutations in CLEC7A encoding the CARD9-coupled, β-glucan-binding receptor, Dectin-1. The patient\u27s PBMCs failed to produce TNF-α and IL-1β in response to β-glucan and/or C. cassiicola. To confirm the cellular and molecular requirements for immunity against C. cassiicola, we developed a mouse model of this infection. Mouse macrophages required Dectin-1 and CARD9 for IL-1β and TNF-α production, which enhanced fungal killing in an interdependent manner. Deficiency of either Dectin-1 or CARD9 was associated with more severe fungal disease, recapitulating the human observation. Because these data implicated impaired Dectin-1 responses in susceptibility to phaeohyphomycosis, we evaluated 17 additional unrelated patients with severe forms of the infection. We found that 12 out of 17 carried deleterious CLEC7A mutations associated with an altered Dectin-1 extracellular C-terminal domain and impaired Dectin-1-dependent cytokine production. Thus, we show that Dectin-1 and CARD9 promote protective TNF-α- and IL-1β-mediated macrophage defense against C. cassiicola. More broadly, we demonstrate that human Dectin-1 deficiency may contribute to susceptibility to severe phaeohyphomycosis by certain dematiaceous fungi

Head-wag autotomography of the upper cervical spine in infantile torticollis

Background. Infants with torticollis require evaluation of the entire cervical spine for vertebral anomalies as part of the work-up, but open-mouth views to assess occiput to C2 are difficult to obtain. Objective. To evaluate a “head wag” autotomographic technique for the frontal projection of this region. Materials and methods. Twenty infants under one year of age were evaluated using this technique. Results. Sixteen of 20 could be adequately evaluated using this simple, low-radiation-dose procedure. Conclusion. For infants with torticollis in whom vertebral anomalies need to be excluded, the “head wag” technique is useful.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42045/1/247-28-6-464_80280464.pd