40 research outputs found
On a class of invariant coframe operators with application to gravity
Let a differential 4D-manifold with a smooth coframe field be given. Consider
the operators on it that are linear in the second order derivatives or
quadratic in the first order derivatives of the coframe, both with coefficients
that depend on the coframe variables. The paper exhibits the class of operators
that are invariant under a general change of coordinates, and, also, invariant
under the global SO(1,3)-transformation of the coframe. A general class of
field equations is constructed. We display two subclasses in it. The subclass
of field equations that are derivable from action principles by free variations
and the subclass of field equations for which spherical-symmetric solutions,
Minkowskian at infinity exist. Then, for the spherical-symmetric solutions, the
resulting metric is computed. Invoking the Geodesic Postulate, we find all the
equations that are experimentally (by the 3 classical tests) indistinguishable
from Einstein field equations. This family includes, of course, also Einstein
equations. Moreover, it is shown, explicitly, how to exhibit it. The basic tool
employed in the paper is an invariant formulation reminiscent of Cartan's
structural equations. The article sheds light on the possibilities and
limitations of the coframe gravity. It may also serve as a general procedure to
derive covariant field equations
Matrix theory of gravitation
A new classical theory of gravitation within the framework of general
relativity is presented. It is based on a matrix formulation of
four-dimensional Riemann-spaces and uses no artificial fields or adjustable
parameters. The geometrical stress-energy tensor is derived from a matrix-trace
Lagrangian, which is not equivalent to the curvature scalar R. To enable a
direct comparison with the Einstein-theory a tetrad formalism is utilized,
which shows similarities to teleparallel gravitation theories, but uses complex
tetrads. Matrix theory might solve a 27-year-old, fundamental problem of those
theories (sec. 4.1). For the standard test cases (PPN scheme,
Schwarzschild-solution) no differences to the Einstein-theory are found.
However, the matrix theory exhibits novel, interesting vacuum solutions.Comment: 24 page
BRST-antifield-treatment of metric-affine gravity
The metric-affine gauge theory of gravity provides a broad framework in which
gauge theories of gravity can be formulated. In this article we fit
metric-affine gravity into the covariant BRST--antifield formalism in order to
obtain gauge fixed quantum actions. As an example the gauge fixing of a general
two-dimensional model of metric-affine gravity is worked out explicitly. The
result is shown to contain the gauge fixed action of the bosonic string in
conformal gauge as a special case.Comment: 19 pages LATEX, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Projective Invariance and One-Loop Effective Action in Affine-Metric Gravity Interacting with Scalar Field
We investigate the influence of the projective invariance on the
renormalization properties of the theory. One-loop counterterms are calculated
in the most general case of interaction of gravity with scalar field.Comment: 10 pages, LATE
The Affine-Metric Quantum Gravity with Extra Local Symmetries
We discuss the role of additional local symmetries related to the
transformations of connection fields in the affine-metric theory of gravity.
The corresponding BRST transformations connected with all symmetries (general
coordinate, local Lorentz and extra) are constructed. It is shown, that extra
symmetries give the additional contribution to effective action which is
proportional to the corresponding Nielsen-Kallosh ghost one. Some arguments are
given, that there is no anomaly associated with extra local symmetries.Comment: 14 pages in LATEX (The version of paper accepted for publication in
Class. Quant. Grav.
Core Overshoot: An Improved Treatment and Constraints from Seismic Data
We present a comprehensive set of stellar evolution models for Procyon A in
an effort to guide future measurements of both traditional stellar parameters
and seismic frequencies towards constraining the amount of core overshoot in
Procyon A and possibly other stars. Current observational measurements of
Procyon A when combined with traditional stellar modeling only place a large
upper limit on overshoot of alphaOV < 1.1. By carrying out a detailed pulsation
analysis, we further demonstrate, how p- and g-mode averaged spacings can be
used to gain better estimates of the core size. For both p- and g-modes, the
frequency spacings for models without overshoot are clearly separated from the
models with overshoot. In addition, measurements of the l=0 averaged small
p-mode spacings could be used to establish Procyon A's evolutionary stage. For
a fixed implementation of overshoot and under favorable circumstances, the
g-mode spacings can be used to determine the overshoot extent to an accuracy of
+-0.05 Hp. However, we stress that considerable confusion is added due to the
unknown treatment of the overshoot region. This ambiguity might be removed by
analyzing many different stars. A simple non-local convection theory developed
by Kuhfuss is implemented in our stellar evolution code and contrasted with the
traditional approaches. We show that this theory supports a moderate increase
of the amount of convective overshoot with stellar mass of Delta(alphaOV) =
+0.10 between 1.5 Msun and 15 Msun. This theory places an upper limit on
Procyon A's core overshoot extent of ~0.4 Hp which matches the limit imposed by
Roxburgh's integral criterion.Comment: 45 pages, 26 figures, accepted in Ap
Pulsational instability of yellow hypergiants
Instability of population I (X=0.7, Y=0.02) massive stars against radial
oscillations during the post-main sequence gravitational contraction of the
helium core is investigated. Initial stellar masses are in the range from
65M_\odot to 90M_\odot. In hydrodynamic computations of self-exciting stellar
oscillations we assumed that energy transfer in the envelope of the pulsating
star is due to radiative heat conduction and convection. The convective heat
transfer was treated in the framework of the theory of time-dependent turbulent
convection. During evolutionary expansion of outer layers after hydrogen
exhaustion in the stellar core the star is shown to be unstable against radial
oscillations while its effective temperature is Teff > 6700K for
Mzams=65M_\odot and Teff > 7200K for mzams=90M_\odot. Pulsational instability
is due to the \kappa-mechanism in helium ionization zones and at lower
effective temperature oscillations decay because of significantly increasing
convection. The upper limit of the period of radial pulsations on this stage of
evolution does not exceed 200 day. Radial oscillations of the hypergiant resume
during evolutionary contraction of outer layers when the effective temperature
is Teff > 7300K for Mzams=65M_\odot and Teff > 7600K for Mzams=90M_\odot.
Initially radial oscillations are due to instability of the first overtone and
transition to fundamental mode pulsations takes place at higher effective
temperatures (Teff > 7700K for Mzams=65M_\odot and Teff > 8200K for
Mzams=90M_\odot). The upper limit of the period of radial oscillations of
evolving blueward yellow hypergiants does not exceed 130 day. Thus, yellow
hypergiants are stable against radial stellar pulsations during the major part
of their evolutionary stage.Comment: 20 pages, 7 gigures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letter
An assessment of Evans' unified field theory I
Evans developed a classical unified field theory of gravitation and
electromagnetism on the background of a spacetime obeying a Riemann-Cartan
geometry. This geometry can be characterized by an orthonormal coframe theta
and a (metric compatible) Lorentz connection Gamma. These two potentials yield
the field strengths torsion T and curvature R. Evans tried to infuse
electromagnetic properties into this geometrical framework by putting the
coframe theta to be proportional to four extended electromagnetic potentials A;
these are assumed to encompass the conventional Maxwellian potential in a
suitable limit. The viable Einstein-Cartan(-Sciama-Kibble) theory of gravity
was adopted by Evans to describe the gravitational sector of his theory.
Including also the results of an accompanying paper by Obukhov and the author,
we show that Evans' ansatz for electromagnetism is untenable beyond repair both
from a geometrical as well as from a physical point of view. As a consequence,
his unified theory is obsolete.Comment: 39 pages of latex, modified because of referee report, mistakes and
typos removed, partly reformulated, taken care of M.W.Evans' rebutta
Presupernova Structure of Massive Stars
Issues concerning the structure and evolution of core collapse progenitor
stars are discussed with an emphasis on interior evolution. We describe a
program designed to investigate the transport and mixing processes associated
with stellar turbulence, arguably the greatest source of uncertainty in
progenitor structure, besides mass loss, at the time of core collapse. An
effort to use precision observations of stellar parameters to constrain
theoretical modeling is also described.Comment: Proceedings for invited talk at High Energy Density Laboratory
Astrophysics conference, Caltech, March 2010. Special issue of Astrophysics
and Space Science, submitted for peer review: 7 pages, 3 figure