438 research outputs found
Physics of hollow Bose-Einstein condensates
Bose-Einstein condensate shells, while occurring in ultracold systems of
coexisting phases and potentially within neutron stars, have yet to be realized
in isolation on Earth due to the experimental challenge of overcoming
gravitational sag. Motivated by the expected realization of hollow condensates
by the space-based Cold Atomic Laboratory in microgravity conditions, we study
a spherical condensate undergoing a topological change from a filled sphere to
a hollow shell. We argue that the collective modes of the system show marked
and robust signatures of this hollowing transition accompanied by the
appearance of a new boundary. In particular, we demonstrate that the frequency
spectrum of the breathing modes shows a pronounced depression as it evolves
from the filled sphere limit to the hollowing transition. Furthermore, when the
center of the system becomes hollow surface modes show a global restructuring
of their spectrum due to the availability of a new, inner, surface for
supporting density distortions. We pinpoint universal features of this
topological transition as well as analyse the spectral evolution of collective
modes in the experimentally relevant case of a bubble-trap.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Momentum-space Aharonov-Bohm interferometry in Rashba spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
Since the recent experimental realization of synthetic Rashba spin-orbit
coupling paved a new avenue for exploring and engineering topological phases in
ultracold atoms, a precise, solid detection of Berry phase has been desired for
unequivocal characterization of system topology. Here, we propose a scheme to
conduct momentum-space Aharonov-Bohm interferometry in a Rashba spin-orbit
coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with a sudden change of in-plane Zeeman field,
capable of measuring the Berry phase of Rashba energy bands. We find that the
Berry phase with the presence of a Dirac point is directly revealed by a robust
dark interference fringe, and that as a function of external Zeeman field is
characterized by the contrast of fringes. We also build a variational model
describing the interference process with semiclassical equations of motion of
essential dynamical quantities, which lead to agreeable trajectories and
geometric phases with the real-time simulation of Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
Our study would provide timely guidance for the experimental detection of Berry
phase in ultracold atomic systems and help further investigation on their
interference dynamics in momentum space.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
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