Simultaneous and interleaved acquisition of NMR signals from different nuclei with a clinical MRI scanner.

Modification of a clinical MRI scanner to enable simultaneous or rapid interleaved acquisition of signals from two different nuclei. A device was developed to modify the local oscillator signal fed to the receive channel(s) of an MRI console. This enables external modification of the frequency at which the receiver is sensitive and rapid switching between different frequencies. Use of the device was demonstrated with interleaved and simultaneous <sup>31</sup> P and <sup>1</sup> H spectroscopic acquisitions, and with interleaved <sup>31</sup> P and <sup>1</sup> H imaging. Signal amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios were found to be unchanged for the modified system, compared with data acquired with the MRI system in the standard configuration. Interleaved and simultaneous <sup>1</sup> H and <sup>31</sup> P signal acquisition was successfully demonstrated with a clinical MRI scanner, with only minor modification of the RF architecture. While demonstrated with <sup>31</sup> P, the modification is applicable to any detectable nucleus without further modification, enabling a wide range of simultaneous and interleaved experiments to be performed within a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 76:1636-1641, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Filovirus receptor NPC1 contributes to species-specific patterns of ebolavirus susceptibility in bats

10.7554/eLife.11785eLife442339e1178

Development of an antibody cocktail for treatment of Sudan virus infection

Antibody-based therapies are a promising treatment option for managing ebolavirus infections. Several Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific and, more recently, pan-ebolavirus antibody cocktails have been described. Here, we report the development and assessment of a Sudan virus (SUDV)-specific antibody cocktail. We produced a panel of SUDV glycoprotein (GP)-specific human chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using both plant and mammalian expression systems and completed head-to-head in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Neutralizing activity, competitive binding groups, and epitope specificity of SUDV mAbs were defined before assessing protective efficacy of individual mAbs using a mouse model of SUDV infection. Of the mAbs tested, GP base-binding mAbs were more potent neutralizers and more protective than glycan cap- or mucin-like domain-binding mAbs. No significant difference was observed between plant and mammalian mAbs in any of our in vitro or in vivo evaluations. Based on in vitro and rodent testing, a combination of two SUDV-specific mAbs, one base binding (16F6) and one glycan cap binding (X10H2), was down-selected for assessment in a macaque model of SUDV infection. This cocktail, RIID F6-H2, provided protection from SUDV infection in rhesus macaques when administered at 50 mg/kg on days 4 and 6 postinfection. RIID F6-H2 is an effective postexposure SUDV therapy and provides a potential treatment option for managing human SUDV infection