Effect of antibodies to glutamate on age-related memory changes in C57Bl/6 mice

Chronic intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate to aging C57Bl/6 mice improved passive avoidance conditioning, had no effect on horizontal and vertical locomotor activity, but slowed locomotion in the open-field test. Administration of antibodies to glutamate increased the content of dopamine and its metabolites in mouse hippocampus, but had no effect on the metabolism of neurotransmitter amino acids. In the frontal cortex, antibodies to glutamate did not affect neurotransmitter metabolism, but increased the level of both excitatory and inhibitory amino acids without changing their ratio

Delayed behavioral and neurochemical effects of anti-glutamate antibodies in aging C57BL/6 mice

We analyzed delayed effect of intranasal administration of anti-glutamate antibodies on mnestic function and tissue concentrations of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in aging C57BL/6 mice. It was found that after 14-day administration of anti-glutamate antibodies, improvement of the passive avoidance conditioning persisted for 7 days after the treatment was discontinued. In 7 days after discontinuation of treatment, increased content of dopamine and its metabolites as well as aspartic acid and taurine was observed in the hippocampus of mice treated with anti-glutamate antibodies. In the prefrontal cortex, administration of anti-glutamate antibodies had no effect on the levels of neurotransmitters, but increased the concentration of glutamate

Влияние пирацетама и фенотропила на метаболизм дофамина и серотонина в мозге субпопуляций мышей CD-1, различающихся по устойчивости внимания

The effect of subchronic administration of the nootropics Phenotropil (100 mg/kg/day) on the behavior of CD-1 outbreed mice in the "closed enriched cross maze" test (CECM) was studied. Predominantly, the mouse population was divided into subpopulations according to their values of individual attention index for novel objects in the maze compartments – highly attentive (ED-high) and low attentive (ED-low). It was found that Phenotropil increased the attention index in ED-low, but disimproved it in the ED-high subpopulation, and also changed parameteres of anxiety and locomotor activity; this distinguished it from the more selective effect of Piracetam (200 mg/kg/day). The higher selectivity of Piracetam was also shown in relation to dopamine metabolism processes in the prefrontal cortex: the drug normalized the metabolic turnover of intracellular (DOPAC/DA) as well as extracellular (HVA/DA) dopamine, while Phenotropil influenced on the former only. Thus, positive effect of Piracetam on the attention level in ED-low mice corresponds to the normalization of both indicators of dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, while Phenotropil showed non-selectivity onto both behavioral and neurochemical parameters. Piracetam and Phenotropil failed to affect the cortical and striatal serotonin metabolism in both subpopulations.Изучено влияние субхронического введения ноотропного средства фенотропила (100 мг/кг/сутки) на поведение аутбредных мышей CD-1 в тесте «закрытый обогащённый крестообразный лабиринт». Предварительно популяция мышей была разделена на субпопуляции по величине индекса внимания особей к незнакомым объектам в отсеках лабиринта – высоковнимательных (ED-high) и низковнимательных (ED-low). Установлено, что фенотропил повышал индекс внимания у ED-low, однако ухудшал его в субпопуляции ED-high, а также изменял показатели тревожности и двигательной активности, что отличало его от более селективного эффекта пирацетама (200 мг/кг/сутки). Большая избирательность пирацетама отражалась и в отношении метаболизма дофамина в ткани префронтальной коры мозга: препарат нормализовал метаболический оборот как внутриклеточного (ДОФУК/ДА), так и внеклеточного (ГВК/ДА) дофамина, тогда как фенотропил корригировал лишь первый. Таким образом, положительное влияние пирацетама на индекс внимания у мышей ED-low соответствует нормализации обоих показателей метаболизма дофамина в префронтальной коре, а фенотропил проявлял неизбирательность как в отношении поведенческих, так и нейрохимических параметров. Оба препарата практически не затрагивали метаболизм серотонина как в коре, так и в стриатумах мышей обеих субпопуляций

Влияние фенибута и атомоксетина на биосинтез и метаболизм дофамина и серотонина в мозге мышей C57BL/6

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of the nootropic drug phenibut (70 mg/kg) and atomoxetine hydrochloride (3 mg/kg) on the neurochemical parameters of dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in the brain structures of C57BL/6 mice was studied by HPLC/ED. It was found that under in vivo blockade of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (DAAA), both drugs in the selected doses did not affect directly on biosynthesis processes of both dopamine and serotonin in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of rodents. The observed effects of phenybut and atomoxetine hydrochloride, in comparison with the used D2 receptor ligands quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg) and sulpiride (25 mg/kg), suggest the absence of direct participation of dopamine autoreceptors regulating the functional activity of dopaminergic synapses.Методом ВЭЖХ/ЭД изучено влияние внутрибрюшинного введения ноотропного средства фенибута (70 мг/кг) и атомоксетина гидрохлорида (3 мг/кг) на нейрохимические показатели дофамин- и серотонинергических систем в структурах мозга мышей C57BL/6. Установлено, что в условиях in vivo блокады декарбоксилазы L-ароматических аминокислот (ДААК) оба препарата в выбранных дозах не оказывали прямого действия на процессы биосинтеза как дофамина, так и серотонина, в префронтальной коре и стриатуме грызунов. Обнаруженные эффекты фенибута и атомоксетина гидрохлорида, в сравнении с использованными  лигандами D2-рецепторов квинпиролом (0,1 мг/кг) и сульпиридом (25 мг/кг), позволяют предположить отсутствие прямого участия в них дофаминовых ауторецепторов, регулирующих функциональную активность дофаминергических синапсов

Влияние циклопролилглицина и его аналогов на моноаминергические системы мозга мышей BALB/c

Effects of chronic cycloprolylglycine (CPG) and its analogues GZK-001 and GZK-002 treatment at the doses 1 and 2 mg/kg on levels of monoamines and their metabolites in BALB/c mice brain were determined by HPLC. Neurochemical data demonstrated that antidepressant-like effects of the peptides are mediated by an increase in NA and decrease in DA content in frontal cortex. Alterations in striatal monoamine metabolism were observed predominantly after CPG's analogues treatment: the concentration of DA was increased, although its rate of turnover was diminished. In hippocampus more active was CPG: the levels of NE, DA, 5-HT, and its metabolite 5-HIAA were decreased. GZK-001 (1 mg/kg) caused a decrease in the concentration of DA and 5-HIAA. The present results suggest that antidepressant-like effects of CPG and its analogues are associated with DA, NE, and 5-HT systems.Методом ВЭЖХ изучено влияние хронического введения циклопролилглицина (ЦПГ) и его аналогов ГЗК-001 и ГЗК-002 в дозах 1 и 2 мг/кг на содержание и метаболизм (5-HT), дофамина (ДА) и норадреналина (НА) в структурах мозга мышей BALB/c. Было показано, что антидепрессивноподобное действие пептидов сопровождается увеличением уровня НА и уменьшением содержания ДА во фронтальной коре. В стриатуме преобладало влияние аналогов ЦПГ: увеличивался уровень ДА и снижалась скорость его метаболизма. В гиппокампе напротив активнее был ЦПГ: уменьшалось содержание НА, ДА, 5-НТ и его метаболита 5-ГИУК. Под влиянием ГЗК-001 в дозе 1 мг снижался уровень ДА и 5-ГИУК. На основании полученных данных можно заключить, что в механизме антидепрессивноподобного эффекта ЦПГ и его аналогов принимают участие серотонинергическая, норадреналинергическая и дофаминергическая системы мозга

The history of decisions on creation of nuclear and metallurgical complex on the basis of the Kola nuclear power plant

Some reasons for the choice of directions for using electric and thermal energy of the Kola nuclear power plant located beyond the Arctic Circle have been presented. The regions of the country and their large-scale industrial productions based on metallurgical enterprises have been indicated; the electrical supply of these enterprises is implemented from the Kola NPP. The results of research of energy inputs for the production of a ton of steel and cast iron have been presented. It has been determined that the main direction of technological modernization in the steel industry is avoiding the use of organic fuels (particularly in coke-blast furnace production as the most energy-intensive) and its replacement with the technology of direct reduction of iron with hydrogen. As an alternative energy source for organic fuels the creation of a fuel-free nuclear-metallurgical electrified complex has been proposed. The principal scheme of the fuel-free nuclear-metallurgical electrified complex has been described, here the main novelty has a reducing gases preparation block giving the potential ability for creating waste-free process. It has been noted that this technology requires using high temperatures and solving technical problems related to heat resistance of constructions. Some examples of world research on the implementation of similar projects have been presented. It has been determined that the use of new technology will cause the need for optimization of power consumption structure due to the redistribution of capacity and electrical consumption between productions. The introduction of new technologies requires solving a number of problems on electric power supply and electrical equipment designing. It has been observed that on the Kola NPP large-scale reconstruction was carried out during the working period, it helped to increase its project capacity and extend the operation life. Nowadays the region has excess installed capacity that can be used to introduce new technology in metallurgy