Characteristics of Music Cultivation Observed in Musikalische Zeitfragen (1903): Focus on Kretzschmar’s Concept of “Volk”

The principal aim of the present study was to elucidate the characteristics of music cultivation in Kretzschmar’s work Musikalische Zeitfragen. Through an examination of Kretzschmar’s concept of “Volk,” the present study examines who was asked to be musical, what challenges they faced, and how improvements were attempted. The investigation revealed that Kretzschmar called for all German “Volk,” including “educated persons” and “the masses,” to be musical. Kretzschmar presented vocal music focused on the common goal of loving “music as an art of service” among the entire “Volk” of Germany, thereby setting “educated persons” a lofty task. In the reform of Kretzschmar, which sought to have “Volk assume the responsibility for German music art,” the role expected of “Volk” can be considered to have differed depending on the social group to which a person belonged.本研究は， JSPS科研費（16K17458）の助成を受けたものである

Position of Music in Plato’s Curriculum Theory: Three Concepts of Music

In ancient Greece, there were three concepts related to music: music for practice; the music of mathematics; and the music of philosophy. This study first explores and discusses how the three concepts of music are described in the Platonic dialogues. The study then examines the position of each of the three concepts and the kind of role they each play in the curriculum theory described in Plato’s Republic and Laws. As part of this examination, reference is made to the study of Josef Dolch. The results showed that the music of philosophy subsumes all knowledge, including that within music for practice and music of mathematics, as well as other mathematical subjects and philosophy. Furthermore, when paired with gymnastics, the music of philosophy constitutes the curriculum. In this sense, all intellectual learning in Plato’s curriculum theory can be construed as having a musical property

Characteristics of "The First National School Music Week (1921)" in the Weimar Republic

This study focuses on "The First National School Music Week (1921 )" in the Weimar Republic in the early twentieth century. The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics of this conference. In this study, I classified all eighteen lectures into four categories (i.e., philosophy of music education, methodology, practical example, and others) and considered them. As a result, the characteristics of this conference are seen in three points: 1) lecturers place great emphasis on the philosophy of music education, in which particularly many topics about purpose or content of music education in schools are discussed; 2) they focuses on ability such as aesthetic sense, musical sensitivity, and creativity in the context of transition from "Singing" to "Music"; and 3) they demand music education based on the activities of students

Memories with Professor Mayumi Mimura

三村真弓教授退職記念号 Special Number Commemorating the Retirement of Professor Mayumi Mimur

subacute combined spinal cord degeneration

We report a case of subacute combined spinal cord degeneration (SCD) caused by vegetarianism and autoimmune gastritis, which is rarely reported in Japan, and which showed improvement in symptoms and imaging findings after vitamin B12 administration. As delayed treatment can lead to irreversible damage, we suggest that patients with characteristic abnormal signals in the posterior cervical cord should be examined while considering the possibility that SCD may occur even in the absence of a history of gastrectomy or heavy drinking. We also describe the patient’s reversible abnormal signals in the cerebral white matter on magnetic resonance imaging, indicative of an early sign of leukoencephalopathy associated with vitamin B12 deficiency

多職種連携と患者特性に配慮したケアを行った高度肥満症の一例

A ４８-year-old man who weighed ２１６ kg was significantly overweight with a body mass index （BMI）of ７５．６kg/m２, and was unable to walk due to disuse syndrome. Because of the psychological and social problems in the background, a psychological examination was performed and the staff took time to build a trusting relationship with the patient, taking into account his characteristics. With diet and rehabilitation, he was able to lose weight to １２４kg and BMI ４３．９kg/m２ over ６００ days, and was able to walk with assistive devices and defecate by himself. The patient was discharged from our hospital after a series of multidisciplinary meetings with medical, nursing, welfare, and governmental agencies to create an environment for home recuperation. The reasons for the improvement to enable him to be discharged from the hospital were due to the multi-disciplinary meetings among the staff inside and outside the hospital, information sharing and advanced coordination, and smooth communication with the patient by taking into account his characteristics from a psychological standpoint

Rapid HER2 cytologic fluorescence in situ hybridization for breast cancer using noncontact alternating current electric field mixing

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-in situ hybridization (HER2-ISH) is widely approved for diagnostic, prognostic biomarker testing of formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. However, cytologic ISH analysis has a potential advantage in tumor samples such as pleural effusion and ascites that are difficult to obtain the histological specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical reliability of a novel rapid cytologic HER2 fluorescence ISH protocol (rapid-CytoFISH). Materials and Methods: Using a new device, we applied a high-voltage/frequency, noncontact alternating current electric field to tissue imprints and needle rinses, which mixed the probe within microdroplets as the voltage was switched on and off (AC mixing). Cytologic samples (n = 143) were collected from patients with immunohistochemically identified HER2 breast cancers. The specimens were then tested using standard dual-color ISH using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE-tissue DISH) for HER2-targeted therapies, CytoFISH, and rapid-CytoFISH (completed within 4 h). Results: All 143 collected cytologic specimens (50 imprinted cytology specimens from resected tumors and 93 liquid-based cytology specimens from needle rinses) were suitable for FISH analysis. The HER2/chromosome enumeration probe (CEP) 17 ratios did not significantly differ between FFPE-tissue DISH and either CytoFISH protocol. Based on HER2 scoring criteria, we found 95.1% agreement between FFPEtissue DISH and CytoFISH (Cohen\u27s kappa coefficient = 0.771 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.614–0.927). Conclusion: CytoFISH could potentially serve as a clinical tool for prompt determination of HER2 status in breast cancer cytology. Rapid-CytoFISH with AC mixing will enable cancer diagnoses and HER2 status to be determined on the same day a patient comes to a clinic or hospital

Characteristics of the Sixth National School Music Week in the Weimar Republic

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the features of the Sixth National School Music Week, which was held in the Weimar Republic in Germany in 1927. The paper considers the following five perspectives: (1) the impact of reform pedagogy; (2) contents of school music classes and their expansion; (3) curriculum; (4) the relationship of music to other subjects; and (5) music education outside school. It has been revealed that the Sixth National School Music Week obviously employed the concepts of reform pedagogy such as Erleben and Arbeit; and that there was also an attempted expansion of the contents of school music classes. These features were similar to those observed in the First and Fifth National School Music Weeks. There were, however, differences from the First and Fifth National School Music Weeks in terms of interpretation of the curriculum and an emphasis on the relationship between music and other subjects. One significant feature found was that alongside the aforementioned discussions on music education at school, the Sixth National School Music Week directed its interest to music education outside school, as was consistently the case with the First and Fifth National School Music Weeks