Социально-политический облик улемов Египта XVII-XVIII вв.

The article deals with political and social role of ulama in Ottoman Egypt. The author makes a short review of historiography and analyses different points of view on the ulama and the grade of their participation in the political life of Egypt. Another problem which the article deals with is the influence of political elite on the interior of ulamas society. Also the article deals with the struggle for the place of nakib al-ashraf of Egypt.В статье рассматривается социально-политический статус улемов Египта в XVII-XVIII вв. Дается историографический обзор основных точек зрения на положение улемов в отечественной и зарубежной историографии, анализируется степень их вовлеченности в политическую жизнь Египетского пашалыка и участие в конкретных политических событиях рассматриваемого периода, а также вмешательство власть имущих в дела улемов. Отдельный сюжет посвящен борьбе за пост главы корпорации потомков пророка Мухаммада в Египте

Optimization of Technologies of Section Rolling By the Conditions of Saving Energy Resources using the Expert System

Sort-rolled production is a complex, multi-faceted process characterized by high fuel and electricity costs. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of production and minimizing energy costs is one of the key tasks. The use of expert systems (ES), developed on the basis of modern information technologies of artificial intelligence elements and created on the basis of modern concepts of the mechanics of a deformable body of multiple mathematical models for roll pass design and technologies of rolling, provides the quick solution of this problem. Keywords: expert system, rolling manufacture, hot section rolling, optimum rollingmill practice, costs for fuel and electricity, solution of technological task

Multibound soliton formation in an erbium-doped ring laser with a highly nonlinear resonator

We have studied the generation of low-noise ultrashort multibound solitons in the telecommunication spectral window in an erbium-doped all-fiber ring laser with a highly-nonlinear resonator mode-locked by a nonlinear polarization evolution effect. The multibound soliton generation is obtained with more than 20 bound dechirped pulses with a duration of 240 fs at a repetition rate of 11.3 MHz (with a signal-To-noise ratio of 73.3 dB), the relative intensity noise is <-140 dBc/Hz, and the Allan deviation of the repetition frequency does not exceed $\sim 1.3\cdot 10^{\mathbf {-8}}$ with a time averaging window of 100 s

Development of an Information Modeling System of Coal-Dust Fuel Injection into Tuyeres of a Blast Furnace

Abstract: The article considers a mathematical model of the combustion zone of a blast furnace working with the use of the injection of coal-dust fuel. In this model, two subsystems were identified: (1) subsystem of heating the particles of coal dust and volatiles released in the combustion zone; (2) subsystem of heat exchange and combustion processes in the tuyere. A two-dimensional velocity field of gas in the combustion zone was investigated. The combustion processes are considered as a set of simultaneously developing phenomena of coke burning in a layer, single pieces of coke and particles of coal dust. The model includes the following equations: total gas mass balance, gas component mass balance, gas heat balance, movement of coal dust particles, and heat balance of coal dust particles. The model calculates maximum burning temperature in the combustion zone, the distance from the cut of the tuyere to the focus of combustion, the length of the oxygen combustion zone, gas temperature, the content of gas phase components, and the degree of carbon burnout of pulverized coal at the outlet of the tuyere combustion zone. An information-modeling system has been developed. It allows for the investigation of the influence of combined blast characteristics, the properties of coke and coal-dust fuel, the geometric dimensions of tuyeres, and other factors on the temperature fields and concentrations of components of the gas phase in the combustion zone. The model also helps to select a rational mode of pulverized coal that will ensure completeness of its combustion in the tuyere combustion zone. The main functions of the program are as follows: representation of results of calculation in form of tables and diagrams, storage of options of basic data in a database, and export of results of calculation to Microsoft Excel. Conclusions were made on the reduction of the combustion temperature in the combustion zone and the approach of the focus of combustion to the tuyere when pulverized coal was injected. The authors also have established the need to use coals with certain quality characteristics and place where coal dust was introduced into the blast stream. © 2019, Allerton Press, Inc

Multibound solitons generation with a controllable number of bound states in a passive mode-locked all-fiber erbium-doped ring laser

We have studied generation of stable and low-noise de-chirped ultrashort solitons in bound states and we have experimentally demonstrated the formation multi-bound solitons with the controllable number of bound states 7 < N < 17 by pump power variation. A numerical simulation of the influence of various types of fluctuations on the generation mode was also carried out

Status of ART-XC/SRG Instrument

Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) is an X-ray astrophysical observatory, developed by Russia in collaboration with Germany. The mission will be launched in March 2016 from Baikonur, by a Zenit rocket with a Fregat booster and placed in a 6-month-period halo orbit around L2. The scientific payload consists of two independent telescopes - a soft-x-ray survey instrument, eROSITA, being provided by Germany and a medium-x-ray-energy survey instrument ART-XC being developed by Russia. ART-XC will consist of seven independent, but co-aligned, telescope modules. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is fabricating the flight mirror modules for the ART-XC/SRG. Each mirror module will be aligned with a focal plane CdTe double-sided strip detectors which will operate over the energy range of 6-30 keV, with an angular resolution of less than 1, a field of view of approximately 34 and an expected energy resolution of about 10 percent at 14 keV