Peak Shaving with Battery Energy Storage Systems in Distribution Grids: A Novel Approach to Reduce Local and Global Peak Loads

The growing global electricity demand and the upcoming integration of charging options for electric vehicles is creating challenges for power grids, such as line over loading. With continuously falling costs for lithium-ion batteries, storage systems represent an alternative to conventional grid reinforcement. This paper proposes an operation strategy for battery energy storage systems, targeted at industrial consumers to achieve both an improvement in the distribution grid and electricity bill savings for the industrial consumer. The objective is to reduce the peak power at the point of common coupling in existing distribution grids by adapting the control of the battery energy storage system at individual industrial consumer sites. An open-source simulation tool, which enables a realistic simulation of the effects of storage systems in different operating modes on the distribution grid, has been adapted as part of this work. Further information on the additional stress on the storage system is derived from a detailed analysis based on six key characteristics. The results show that, with the combined approach, both the local peak load and the global peak load can be reduced, while the stress on the energy storage is not significantly increased. The peak load at the point of common coupling is reduced by 5.6 kVA to 56.7 kVA and the additional stress for the storage system is, on average, for a six month simulation, period only 1.2 full equivalent cycles higher

A Techno-Economic Analysis of Vehicle-to-Building: Battery Degradation and Efficiency Analysis in the Context of Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging

In the context of the increased acceptance and usage of EV, V2B has proven to be a new and promising use case. Although this topic is already being discussed in literature, there is still a lack of experience on how such a system, of allowing bidirectional power flows between an EV and building, will work in a residential environment. The challenge is to optimize the interplay of electrical load, PV generation, EV, and optionally a HES. In total, fourteen different scenarios are explored for a German household. A two-step approach is used, which combines a computationally efficient linear optimizer with a detailed modelling of the non-linear effects on the battery. The change in battery degradation, storage system efficiency, and OPEX as a result of different, unidirectional and bidirectional, EV charging schemes is examined for both an EV battery and a HES. The simulations show that optimizing unidirectional charging can improve the OPEX by 15%. The addition of V2B leads to a further 11% cost reduction, however, this corresponds with a 12% decrease in EV battery lifetime. Techno-economic analysis reveals that the V2B charging solution with no HES leads to strong self-consumption improvements (EUR 1381 savings over ten years), whereas, this charging scheme would not be justified for a residential prosumer with a HES (only EUR 160 savings)

Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids

Battery energy storage systems have gained increasing interest for serving grid support in various application tasks. In particular, systems based on lithium-ion batteries have evolved rapidly with a wide range of cell technologies and system architectures available on the market. On the application side, different tasks for storage deployment demand distinct properties of the storage system. This review aims to serve as a guideline for best choice of battery technology, system design and operation for lithium-ion based storage systems to match a specific system application. Starting with an overview to lithium-ion battery technologies and their characteristics with respect to performance and aging, the storage system design is analyzed in detail based on an evaluation of real-world projects. Typical storage system applications are grouped and classified with respect to the challenges posed to the battery system. Publicly available modeling tools for technical and economic analysis are presented. A brief analysis of optimization approaches aims to point out challenges and potential solution techniques for system sizing, positioning and dispatch operation. For all areas reviewed herein, expected improvements and possible future developments are highlighted. In order to extract the full potential of stationary battery storage systems and to enable increased profitability of systems, future research should aim to a holistic system level approach combining not only performance tuning on a battery cell level and careful analysis of the application requirements, but also consider a proper selection of storage sub-components as well as an optimized system operation strategy

Peak Shaving with Battery Energy Storage Systems in Distribution Grids: A Novel Approach to Reduce Local and Global Peak Loads

The growing global electricity demand and the upcoming integration of charging options for electric vehicles is creating challenges for power grids, such as line over loading. With continuously falling costs for lithium-ion batteries, storage systems represent an alternative to conventional grid reinforcement. This paper proposes an operation strategy for battery energy storage systems, targeted at industrial consumers to achieve both an improvement in the distribution grid and electricity bill savings for the industrial consumer. The objective is to reduce the peak power at the point of common coupling in existing distribution grids by adapting the control of the battery energy storage system at individual industrial consumer sites. An open-source simulation tool, which enables a realistic simulation of the effects of storage systems in different operating modes on the distribution grid, has been adapted as part of this work. Further information on the additional stress on the storage system is derived from a detailed analysis based on six key characteristics. The results show that, with the combined approach, both the local peak load and the global peak load can be reduced, while the stress on the energy storage is not significantly increased. The peak load at the point of common coupling is reduced by 5.6 kVA to 56.7 kVA and the additional stress for the storage system is, on average, for a six month simulation, period only 1.2 full equivalent cycles higher

Reducing grid peak load through the coordinated control of battery energy storage systems located at electric vehicle charging parks

10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116936Applied Energy29511693