髄膜腫細胞の細胞間物質形成に関する研究

金沢大学医学部研究課題/領域番号:58570582, 研究期間(年度):1983出典：研究課題「髄膜腫細胞の細胞間物質形成に関する研究」課題番号58570582（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58570582/）を加工して作

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy for Patients with High Levels of Serum CEA and CA19-9

Serum levels of tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）, are often measured to detect potential malignancy. When these levels are high, the presence or absence of malignancy is confirmed via a more detailed examination using gastrointestinal （GI） endoscopy and computed tomography. The rate of confirmation of malignancy upon such a follow-up is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the malignancy detection rate via GI endoscopy for patients with high levels of serum CEA and CA19-9. All patients who underwent such GI endoscopy between January 2018 and February 2019 at Showa University Hospital were included in this study. The patients were divided into a follow-up group and a screening group, depending on the purpose of measuring their serum CEA/CA19-9 levels. There were 156 patients who underwent GI endoscopy because of high CEA/CA19-9 levels within the study period. Advanced malignant lesions were detected in 10 patients （6.4％）, including seven cases of colorectal cancer and three cases of upper GI malignancies. In the screening group, six cases （5.7％） of GI malignancies were detected, none of which were found in asymptomatic patients without anemia. In the follow-up group, four cases （7.8％） of GI malignancies were detected; three patients were asymptomatic, and one patient had anemia. Our findings suggest that high serum CEA/CA19-9 levels in asymptomatic patients without anemia and without a history of malignancy do not indicate the presence of malignancy. However, high serum CEA/CA19-9 levels may indicate the potential presence of GI malignancies for patients with a history of malignant tumors, even if they are asymptomatic and do not have anemia

Robot As Moral Agent: A Philosophical and Empirical Approach

平成29年7月29日 CogSci 2017 : London, Hilton Hotel Metropole, London, England, における発表資

Physicochemical Properties of the Mammalian Molecular Chaperone HSP60

The E. coli GroEL/GroES chaperonin complex acts as a folding cage by producing a bullet-like asymmetric complex, and GroEL exists as double rings regardless of the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its mammalian chaperonin homolog, heat shock protein, HSP60, and co-chaperonin, HSP10, play an essential role in protein folding by capturing unfolded proteins in the HSP60/HSP10 complex. However, the structural transition in ATPase-dependent reaction cycle has remained unclear. We found nucleotide-dependent association and dissociation of the HSP60/HSP10 complex using various analytical techniques under near physiological conditions. Our results showed that HSP60 exist as a significant number of double-ring complexes (football- and bullet-type complexes) and a small number of single-ring complexes in the presence of ATP and HSP10. HSP10 binds to HSP60 in the presence of ATP, which increased the HSP60 double-ring formation. After ATP is hydrolyzed to Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), HSP60 released the HSP10 and the dissociation of the double-ring to single-rings occurred. These results indicated that HSP60/HSP10 undergoes an ATP-dependent transition between the single- and double-rings in their system that is highly distinctive from the GroEL/GroES system particularly in the manner of complex formation and the roles of ATP binding and hydrolysis in the reaction cycle

Magnifying Colonoscopy Findings for Differential Diagnosis of Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Polyps and Hyperplastic Polyps

Sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) are thought to be precursors of colorectal cancers. However, current endoscopic techniques for differentiating SSA/Ps from conventional hyperplastic polyps (HPs) have low diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of mucosal crypt patterns to distinguish SSA/Ps from HPs. We examined 140 lesions from 93 patients that had been diagnosed histologically as SSA/Ps or HPs at the Showa University Hospital between June 2010 and May 2012. Three experienced colonoscopists reviewed the endoscopic findings of magnifying colonoscopy. Type II open-shape (Type II-O) pit patterns and varicose microvascular vessels (VMVs) were identified according to previously proposed definitions. Although 140 lesions were initially identified for the study, 27 lesions were excluded from analysis because of insufficient endoscopic findings. Thus, endoscopic findings from a total of 113 lesions (68 SSA/Ps and 45 HPs) were evaluated. Of 113 serrated polyps, 51 lesions (44 SSA/Ps and 7 HPs; P<0.01) had Type II-O pit patterns. The inter- and intra-observer agreement for these patterns among three colonoscopists was κ=0.61 (range 0.57–0.65) and κ=0.68 (range 0.52–0.94), respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity of Type II-O pit patterns for differentiating between SSA/P and HP were 86%, 61%, 65%, and 84%, respectively. In contrast, the PPV, NPV, sensitivity, and specificity of VMVs were 68%, 43%, 37%, and 73%, respectively. The results indicate that Type II-O mucosal crypt patterns may be useful for the differential diagnosis of SSAPs and HPs

ジショウ コウイ ト シンリ トクセイ トノ カンレン ニ ツイテ ノ ヨビ ケンキュウ

近年、教育界において自傷行為が数多く報告されている。自傷行為については、わからないことが多く、予防支援のためには、心理的要因を検討することが望まれる。そこで、本研究では、自傷行為と心理特性との関連を予備的に検討する。関東地方A高校2年生1クラスの39名に対し、2010年11月に無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した。調査項目は(1)属性(性別)(2)学校について(学校満足度)・家庭について(居心地・愛着)(3)故意に健康を害する行為(経験・念慮)の有無(4)自傷行為(経験・念慮)の有無( 5)心理的要因に関する尺度(5項目)であった。結果は、次のとおりである。(1)喫煙(経験1人・念慮3人)、飲酒(経験18人・念慮3人)、ダイエット(経験4人・念慮6人)、過食嘔吐(経験8人・念慮3人)、過量服薬(経験0人・念慮2人)であった。(2)自傷行為有(経験4人・念慮3人)、無32人であった。(3)特性不安、抑うつ、自己否定感の各尺度値が基準値を超え、特性不安尺度、抑うつ尺度、自己否定感尺度間に強い正の相関がみられた。(4)自傷行為(経験・念慮)と心理特性尺度との相関については「抑うつ」「自己否定感」において有意、「特性不安」において有意傾向であった。(5)自傷行為(経験・念慮)有無2群における心理特性については、有群が無群に比して「抑うつ」「自己否定感」において有意に、「特性不安」において有意傾向で課題が見られた。これらのことから、次のことが考えられる。心理的課題を抱える生徒は複数の心理的問題を同時に抱え、学校生活の大変さがうかがわれた。健康を害する行為や自傷行為の一定数は、そのことに関連している可能性が推察される。特に、自傷行為(経験・念慮)については、統計学的に心理的課題との関連が推測され、対象者の一部が、自傷行為という行為を通して、心理的課題に独自に対応しているのではないかと考えられる。自傷行為予防支援に向けての本格的調査が必要である。In recent years, there have been numerous reports of individuals committing acts of nonsuicidal self-injury in educational circles. Much is still unknown about non-suicidal self-injury and it is vital that we examine psychological factors for the prevention support of such behavior. To this end, this research provides a preliminary investigation of the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and psychological characteristics. In November 2010, an unsigned selfadministered questionnaire was conducted on 39 Class 1, 2nd Year, A High School students. The questionnaire items included criteria relating to:(1) gender;(2) school(degree of satisfaction) and home(comfort level and attachment);(3) deliberate acts to harm health(actual experiences and entertaining thoughts of such behavior);(4) non-suicidal self-injury(actual experiences and entertaining thoughts of such behavior); and(5) psychological factors. The result is as follows(1) Smoking(past experience 1, entertained thoughts 3); Drinking(past experience 18, entertained thoughts 3); Dieting(past experience 4, entertained thoughts 6); Bulimic behavior(past experience 8, entertained thoughts 3); and Drug overdoses(past experience 0, entertained thoughts 2). 2) Non-suicidal self-injury: 4 people had past experiences, 3 people had entertained such thoughts, with 32 having no such thoughts. 3) Scale values for trait anxiety, depression, and feeling of selfdenial were all above the normal range and a strong positive correlation was observed amongst trait anxiety criterion, depression criterion, and feeling of self-denial criterion(4) The correlation between self-injurious behavior and psychological characteristics was significant for "depression" and "feeling of self-denial." It was found to be marginally significant for "trait anxiety."(5) There was a significant difference in the scale values of "depression" and " feelings of self-denial" between the two groups that " had" and " did not have" experience of self-injurious behavior(experience and entertained thoughts of). There was a marginally significant difference with the scale of "trait anxiety." From these things, consideration is as follows. Students with psychological issues appeared to have multiple psychological problems simultaneously, which shed light on the difficulties of school life. One can surmise that there is a possibility that actions designed to harm one\u27s health and non-suicidal self-injury were related to psychological issues. In particular, non-suicidal selfinjury was assumed to be statistically related to psychological issues. Some of the subjects were thought to be coping in their own way with psychological issues by committing non-suicidal selfinjury. It is necessary to conduct a full-scale investigation for the prevention support of self-injurious behavior

Abnormally High Levels of Virus-Infected IFN-γ+CCR4+CD4+CD25+ T Cells in a Retrovirus-Associated Neuroinflammatory Disorder

BACKGROUND:Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus associated with both HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is known to be as follows: HTLV-1-infected T cells trigger a hyperimmune response leading to neuroinflammation. However, the HTLV-1-infected T cell subset that plays a major role in the accelerated immune response has not yet been identified. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Here, we demonstrate that CD4(+)CD25(+)CCR4(+) T cells are the predominant viral reservoir, and their levels are increased in HAM/TSP patients. While CCR4 is known to be selectively expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2), Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in healthy individuals, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma production is extraordinarily increased and IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and Foxp3 expression is decreased in the CD4(+)CD25(+)CCR4(+) T cells of HAM/TSP patients as compared to those in healthy individuals, and the alteration in function is specific to this cell subtype. Notably, the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+)CD25(+)CCR4(+)Foxp3(-) T cells is dramatically increased in HAM/TSP patients, and this was found to be correlated with disease activity and severity. CONCLUSIONS:We have defined a unique T cell subset--IFN-gamma(+)CCR4(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells--that is abnormally increased and functionally altered in this retrovirus-associated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system

Open-circuit Voltage Loss in CH[3]NH[3]SnI[3] Perovskite Solar Cells

Organic-¬inorganic perovskite solar cells based on tin halides exhibit a small open-circuit voltage (V[OC]) because of a large photon energy loss from band-gap energy, as large as 0.8¬1.0 eV. In this study, we discussed the origin of the V[OC] loss in CH[3]NH[3]SnI3-based devices by measuring the temperature dependence of V[OC]. As a result, we found that the large loss in V[OC] is mainly due to the surface recombination at the interface rather than the bulk recombination in the perovskites