576 research outputs found
Apparently noninvariant terms of nonlinear sigma model in the one-loop approximation
We show how the Apparently Noninvariant Terms (ANTs), which emerge in
perturbation theory of nonlinear sigma models, are consistent with the
nonlinearly realized symmetry by employing the Ward-Takahashi identity (in the
form of an inhomogeneous Zinn-Justin equation). In the literature the
discussions on ANTs are confined to the SU(2) case. We generalize them to the
U(N) case and demonstrate explicitly at the one-loop level that despite the
presence of divergent ANTs in the effective action of the "pions", the symmetry
is preserved.Comment: two paragraphs added in Introduction, typos in Eqs. fixe
Optimization of body configuration and joint-driven attitude stabilization for transformable spacecrafts under solar radiation pressure
A solar sail is one of the most promising space exploration system because of
its theoretically infinite specific impulse using solar radiation pressure
(SRP). Recently, some researchers proposed "transformable spacecrafts" that can
actively reconfigure their body configurations with actuatable joints. The
transformable spacecrafts are expected to greatly enhance orbit and attitude
control capability due to its high redundancy in control degree of freedom if
they are used as solar sails. However, its large number of input poses
difficulties in control, and therefore, previous researchers imposed strong
constraints to limit its potential control capabilities. This paper addresses
novel attitude control techniques for the transformable spacecrafts under SRP.
The authors have constructed two proposed methods; one of those is a joint
angle optimization to acquire arbitrary SRP force and torque, and the other is
a momentum damping control driven by joint angle actuation. Our proposed
methods are formulated in general forms and applicable to any transformable
solar sail that consists of flat and thin body components. Validity of the
proposed methods are confirmed by numerical simulations. This paper contributes
to making most of the high control redundancy of transformable solar sails
without consuming any expendable propellants, which is expected to greatly
enhance orbit and attitude control capability.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Astrodynamics published by
Tsinghua University Press and Springe
Phase and amplitude of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in nonlinear three-terminal transport through a double quantum dot
We study three-terminal linear and nonlinear transport through an
Aharonov-Bohm interferometer containing a double quantum dot using the
nonequilibrium Green's function method. Under the condition that one of the
three terminals is a voltage probe, we show that the linear conductance is
symmetric with respect to the magnetic field (phase symmetry). However, in the
nonlinear transport regime, the phase symmetry is broken. Unlike two-terminal
transport, the phase symmetry is broken even in noninteracting electron
systems. Based on the lowest-order nonlinear conductance coefficient with
respect to the source-drain bias voltage, we discuss the direction in which the
phase shifts with the magnetic field. When the higher harmonic components of
the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations are negligible, the phaseshift is a
monotonically increasing function with respect to the source-drain bias
voltage. To observe the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations with higher visibility, we
need strong coupling between the quantum dots and the voltage probe. However,
this leads to dephasing since the voltage probe acts as a B\"{u}ttiker
dephasing probe. The interplay between such antithetic concepts provides a peak
in the visibility of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations when the coupling between
the quantum dots and the voltage probe changes.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
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