Management of bilateral lower eyelid entropion in a black Angus bull by temporary tacking and modified Hotz Celsus

The objective was to evaluate the progression and management of eyelid tacking sutures before permanent eyelid surgical correction. A 1-year-old Aberdeen black Angus bull presented with a 1-month history of bilateral corneal ulcers. Ophthalmic examination revealed an infected stromal corneal ulcer on the left eye and bilateral lower eyelid entropion. Lower eyelid tacking sutures were placed bilaterally to allow corneal healing, prevent recurrent corneal ulceration and allow resolution of concurrent moist dermatitis. Approximately 2 weeks after eyelid tacking, permanent entropion repair using a modified Hotz Celsus technique was performed on both lower eyelids. This report details the successful treatment of bilateral lower eyelid entropion in a bull using temporary tacking sutures to stabilise corneal and eyelid disease before permanent eyelid surgical correction.This article is published as Bedos, Leila, Anna Catherine Bowden, Jeff Olivarez, Melissa A. Kubai, and Rachel A. Allbaugh. "Management of bilateral lower eyelid entropion in a black Angus bull by temporary tacking and modified Hotz Celsus." Veterinary Record Case Reports (2024): e890. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.890. © 2024 TheAuthors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes

Novel treatment of infectious keratitis in canine corneas using ultraviolet C (UV-C) light

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of 275 nm wavelength ultraviolet C (UV-C) light for treatment of bacterial keratitis in canine corneas using an affordable, broadly available modified handheld device. Methods: UV-C therapy (UVCT) was evaluated in two experiments: in vitro using triplicates of three bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas spp., and a mix of all species) where the UVCT was performed at a distance of 10, 15, and 20 mm with 1 or 2 doses (4 h apart) for 5, 15, or 30 s; ex vivo model where healthy canine corneal buttons were inoculated superficially and deep (330 μm) with the same bacterial isolates and treated at a 10 mm distance for 15 s with one dose of 22.5 mJ/cm2. Fluorescent marker (STYO9-PI) was used to label (green = live bacteria, red = dead bacteria), and confocal microscopy was used to image the bacteria. Results: In vitro results showed all plates treated with UVCT had 100% bactericidal effect for all isolates with single dose of 15 s at 10 mm distance or two doses, 4 h apart at 15 mm and was ineffective with single dose at 15–20 mm. The ex vivo results confirmed a significant decrease in bacterial load for all isolates on samples inoculated superficially but were inconclusive for intrastromal ones. Conclusions: UVCT confirmed the therapeutic potential for all tested isolates, for both in vitro and ex vivo experiments using a single exposure of 15 s. While safety studies are underway, clinical trials are warranted.This article is published as Turicea, Bactelius, Dipak K. Sahoo, Rachel A. Allbaugh, Chloe C. Stinman, and Melissa A. Kubai. "Novel treatment of infectious keratitis in canine corneas using ultraviolet C (UV‐C) light." Veterinary Ophthalmology (2024). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13265. © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made

Topical blood products modulate the effects of ophthalmic antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens in dogs with infectious keratitis

Bacterial keratitis is a common and serious condition that often leads to vision impairment and potential loss of the eye if not treated promptly and adequately. Topical blood products are often used concurrently with topical antibiotics, helping to mitigate corneal ‘melt’ from proteases released on the ocular surface. However, blood products are rich in albumin and could affect the efficacy of antibiotics due to drug-protein binding. In this study, serum and plasma samples were harvested from 10 healthy dogs and 10 healthy horses, obtaining fresh and frozen (1 month at −20°C) aliquots for in vitro experiments. Albumin levels were quantified using species-specific ELISA kits. Thirty bacteria (10 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, 10 Streptococcus canis, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from canine patients with infectious keratitis, were each tested with blank plates as well as commercial susceptibility plates (Sensititre™ JOEYE2) to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 different antibiotics in the absence (control) or presence of eight test groups: serum or plasma (fresh or frozen) from canines or equines. Albumin concentrations ranged from 13.8–14.6 mg/mL and 25.9–26.5 mg/mL in canine and equine blood products, respectively. A direct antimicrobial effect was observed mostly with equine vs. canine blood products (specifically serum and to a lesser degree plasma), and mostly for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates. MICs generally increased in the presence of blood products (up to 10.8-fold), although MICs also decreased (down to 0.25-fold) for selected antibiotics and ocular pathogens. Median (range) fold changes in MICs were significantly greater (p = 0.004) with the canine blood products [2 (0.67–8.1)] than the equine blood products [2 (0.5–5)]. In practice, clinicians should consider equine over canine blood products (lesser impact on antimicrobial susceptibility), serum over plasma (greater antimicrobial effects), and administering the blood product ≥15 min following the last antibiotic eyedrop to minimize the amount of albumin-antibiotic binding in tear film.This article is published as Kubai, Melissa A., Mackenzie M. Roy, Chloe C. Stinman, Danielle E. Kenne, Rachel A. Allbaugh, and Lionel Sebbag. "Topical blood products modulate the effects of ophthalmic antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens in dogs with infectious keratitis." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11: 1417842. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1417842. © 2024 Kubai, Roy, Stinman, Kenne, Allbaugh and Sebbag. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Increased drug concentration and repeated eye drop administration as strategies to optimize topical drug delivery: A fluorophotometric study in healthy dogs

Objectives Determine tear film kinetics with different fluorescein concentrations and repeated eye drop administration at various time intervals. Animals Studied Six healthy Beagles. Procedures Six experiments were conducted on separate days: single eye drop administration (control) or two separate eye drops administered at 30 s, 1, 2, 5, and 10 min intervals. For each experiment, one eye received 0.3% fluorescein solution while the other eye received 1% fluorescein solution, and tear fluid was collected with capillary tubes at 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Fluorescein concentrations were measured using automated fluorophotometry. Results Compared with 0.3% solution, eyes receiving 1% fluorescein solution had significantly higher tear film concentrations (p ≤ .046) and the area-under-the-fluorescein-time curve was twofold greater (p = .005). Compared with control: (i) Tear film concentrations were significantly higher for up to 20 min when repeating administration 30 s to 5 min after the first drop (p ≤ .006); (ii) The highest increase in area-under-the-curve was obtained with 2 and 5 min intervals for 0.3% (+109%–130%) and 1% solutions (+153%–157%); (iii) The highest increase in median precorneal retention time (defined as tear film concentration < 5% from baseline values) was obtained with 5 min intervals for 0.3% (55 min vs. 15 min in control) and 2–5 min intervals for 1% solutions (50 min vs. 25 min in control). Conclusions Drug delivery to the ocular surface can be enhanced by using more concentrated formulations and/or by repeating eye drop administration 2–5 min after the first dose.This article is published as Page LE, Kubai MA, Allbaugh RA, Bedos L, Roy MM, Mochel JP, Sebbag L. Increased drug concentration and repeated eye drop administration as strategies to optimize topical drug delivery: A fluorophotometric study in healthy dogs. Vet Ophthalmol. 2023 Jun 23. doi: 10.1111/vop.13125.© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Ophthalmology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.<br