The link between psoriasis and other diseases based on epidemiological and genetic analyses

Psoriasis is a chronic disease, which is associated with numerous genetic and environmental factors. The high prevalence of psoriasis worldwide (2–3% of the general population) and its various comorbidities lead to research on its pathogenesis. The aim of this article is to describe the current state of knowledge on the potential links between psoriasis and other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, uveitis, arthritis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, dyslipidaemia, sleep apnoea, celiac disease, lymphoma, erectile dysfunction, Parkinson’s disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psychiatric disorders and substance use. Further research in this area may lead to better treatment options in the future

Róża twarzy w praktyce lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w świetle aktualnych wytycznych

Erysipelas is a bacterial skin and subcutaneous tissue disease of rapid progression and concomitant general symptoms. Before the introduction of antibiotic therapy, the incidence of erysipelas reached epidemic proportions. The most common causative agent of erysipelas are group A beta hemolytic streptococci, however recent studies suggest an increased prevalence of staphylococcal infections. The article presents the case of a 57-year-old female patient, who came to the primary health care due to the appearance of erythematous, edematous and bullous lesions on the face. The paper discusses the etiology, treatment and possible complications with an emphasis on a number of information particularly useful for general practitioners.Róża (erysipelas) jest bakteryjną chorobą skóry i tkanki podskórnej o szybkim przebiegu oraz z towarzyszącymi objawami ogólnymi. Przed wprowadzeniem antybiotykoterapii zachorowalność na różę osiągała rozmiar epidemii. Najczęstszym czynnikiem etiologicznym są paciorkowce β-hemolizujące grupy A, aczkolwiek notuje się również zachorowania o etiologii gronkowcowej. W artykule został omówiony przypadek 57-letniej pacjentki, która zgłosiła się do lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej (POZ) z powodu pojawienia się zmian rumieniowo- -obrzękowych i pęcherzowych na skórze twarzy. W pracy omówiono etiologię, leczenie oraz możliwe powikłania, ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na inf ormacje przydatne dla lekarzy POZ

Opieka nad pacjentem z przewlekłą niewydolnością żylną — podejście lekarza POZ

Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) is characterized by morphological and functional abnormalities in the venous system, predominantly affecting the lowe r extremities. Clinical manifestations encompass a spectrum of symptoms, including leg heaviness, dull pain, pruritus, paresthesia, edema, calf muscle cramps, telangiectasias, varicosities, and lower limb ulcerations. Often, the onset of cutaneous lesions prompts patients to seek medical consultation for the first time. Notable risk factors for CVD comprise gender (with a female predominance), advancing age, genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle, oral contraceptive usage, multiparity, chronic constipation, pes planus, traumatic injuries, and malignancies. The role of primary care physicians is pivotal in the diagnosis and management of CVD. The publication’s inclusion of pertinent information and illustrative photographs serves as a valuable resource for guiding therapeutic decision-making in an ambulatory care setting.Przewlekłą chorobę żylną (CVD, chronic venous disease) definiuje się jako nieprawidłowości morfologiczne i czynnościowe układu żylnego, które dotyczą głównie kończyn dolnych i objawiają się uczuciem ciężkości nóg, tępym bólem, świądem, mrowieniem, obrzękiem, bolesnymi kurczami mięśni łydek, teleangiektazjami, żylakami or az owrzodzeniami kończyn dolnych. Pojawienie się zmian skórnych zmusza pacjentów do zgłoszenia się po raz pierwszy do lekarza. Do najczęstszych czynników r yzyka CVD należą: płeć żeńska, wiek, czynniki genetyczne, siedzący tryb życia, stosowanie doustnych środków antykoncepcyjnych, wielokrotne ciąże, zaparcia, płaskostopie, urazy (zwłaszc za wielonarządowe) oraz nowotwory złośliwe. Opieka lekarza POZ odgrywa znaczącą rolę w diagnostyce i leczeniu pacjentów z przewlekłą niewydolnością żylną. Informacje oraz zdjęcia zawarte w publikacji mogą być pomocne w podejmowaniu decyzji terapeutycznych w opiece ambulatoryjnej

Honokiol-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Glioblastoma Treatment: Statistical Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and an In Vitro Toxicity Assay

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely invasive and heterogenous malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in current anticancer therapy, treatment options for glioblastoma remain limited, and tumor recurrence is inevitable. Therefore, alternative therapies or new active compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy are needed. This study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize honokiol-loaded nanoemulsions intended for intravenous administration in glioblastoma therapy. Methods: Honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion was developed by incorporating honokiol into Lipofundin MCT/LCT 20% using a horizontal shaker. The Box–Behnken design, coupled with response surface methodology, was used to optimize the incorporation process. The effect of the developed formulation on glioblastoma cell viability was determined using the MTT test. Long-term and short-term stress tests were performed to evaluate the effect of honokiol on the stability of the oil-in-water system and the effect of different stress factors on the stability of honokiol, respectively. Its physicochemical properties, such as MDD, PDI, ZP, OSM, pH, and loading efficiency (LE%), were determined. Results: The optimized honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion was characterized by an MDD of 201.4 (0.7) nm with a PDI of 0.07 (0.02) and a ZP of −28.5 (0.9) mV. The LE% of honokiol was above 95%, and pH and OSM were sufficient for intravenous administration. The developed formulation was characterized by good stability and a satisfactory toxicity effect of the glioblastoma cell lines. Conclusions: The honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion is a promising pharmaceutical formulation for further development in the adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma

Honokiol-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Glioblastoma Treatment: Statistical Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and an In Vitro Toxicity Assay

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely invasive and heterogenous malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in current anticancer therapy, treatment options for glioblastoma remain limited, and tumor recurrence is inevitable. Therefore, alternative therapies or new active compounds that can be used as adjuvant therapy are needed. This study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize honokiol-loaded nanoemulsions intended for intravenous administration in glioblastoma therapy. Methods: Honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion was developed by incorporating honokiol into Lipofundin MCT/LCT 20% using a horizontal shaker. The Box–Behnken design, coupled with response surface methodology, was used to optimize the incorporation process. The effect of the developed formulation on glioblastoma cell viability was determined using the MTT test. Long-term and short-term stress tests were performed to evaluate the effect of honokiol on the stability of the oil-in-water system and the effect of different stress factors on the stability of honokiol, respectively. Its physicochemical properties, such as MDD, PDI, ZP, OSM, pH, and loading efficiency (LE%), were determined. Results: The optimized honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion was characterized by an MDD of 201.4 (0.7) nm with a PDI of 0.07 (0.02) and a ZP of −28.5 (0.9) mV. The LE% of honokiol was above 95%, and pH and OSM were sufficient for intravenous administration. The developed formulation was characterized by good stability and a satisfactory toxicity effect of the glioblastoma cell lines. Conclusions: The honokiol-loaded nanoemulsion is a promising pharmaceutical formulation for further development in the adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma

Cannabidiol and Its Combinations with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Induce Apoptosis and Inhibit Activation of NF-κB Signaling in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare malignancy with a relatively good prognosis. However, the prognosis remains poor for elderly patients and those with a significant depth of tumor invasion; thus, novel treatment modalities are needed. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of cannabidiol (CBD) and its combination with NSAIDs, diclofenac (DIC) and ibuprofen (IBU) on VSCC cells. In this regard, the MTT test was applied for cytotoxicity analysis. Moreover, the influence of CBD, DIC and IBU, as well as their combinations, on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mechanisms of action of the analyzed compounds, including their impact on NF-κB signaling, p53 and COX-2 expression were evaluated using Western blot. This study shows that CBD and its combinations with NSAIDs are cytotoxic to A431 cells, but they also reduce, in a dose-dependent manner, the viability of immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells, and human umbilical vein cell line, EA.hy926. Moreover, the compounds and their combinations induced apoptosis, diminished the NF-κB signaling activation and reduced COX-2 expression. We conclude that CBD and its combination with DIC or IBU are promising candidates for the adjuvant treatment of high-risk VSCC patients. However, their impact on non-cancerous cells requires careful evaluation

Rak żołądka — opis przypadku

The article presents the case of an 80-year-old patient admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine and Dietetics in Poznań for the diagnosis of anaemia. The paper contains a short description of gastric cancer, etiology, diagnostics with an emphasis on a number of information particularly useful for family medicine doctors and treatment. The aim of the study is to emphasize the need for a multifaceted and multidisciplinary approach to a patient with a history of cancer.W artykule przedstawiono przypadek 80-letniego pacjenta przyjętego do Kliniki Gastroenterologii, Dietetyki i Chorób Wewnętrznych w Poznaniu w celu diagnostyki niedokrwistości. W pracy zawar to krótką charakterystykę raka żołądka, etiologię, diagnostykę z naciskiem na wiele informacji szczególnie przydatnych dla lekarzy medycyny rodzinnej, oraz leczenie. Celem pracy jest podkreślenie konieczności wieloaspektowego i wielodyscyplinarnego podejścia do pacjenta z wywiadem chorób nowotworowych

The Development of Magnolol-Loaded Intravenous Emulsion with Low Hepatotoxic Potential

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a severe liver injury occurring due to factors related to intestinal failure and parenteral nutrition administration. Different approaches are studied to reduce the risk or ameliorate the course of IFALD, including providing omega-3 fatty acids instead of soybean oil-based lipid emulsion or administering active compounds that exert a hepatoprotective effect. This study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize magnolol-loaded intravenous lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition. The preformulation studies allowed for chosen oils mixture of the highest capacity of magnolol solubilization. Then, magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid was developed using the passive incorporation method. The Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the entrapment efficiency. The optimal formulation was subjected to short-term stress tests, and its effect on normal human liver cells and erythrocytes was determined using the MTT and hemolysis tests, respectively. The optimized magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid was characterized by the mean droplet diameter of 327.6 ± 2.9 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.12 ± 0.02 and zeta potential of −32.8 ± 1.2 mV. The entrapment efficiency of magnolol was above 98%, and pH and osmolality were sufficient for intravenous administration. The magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid samples showed a significantly lower toxic effect than bare SMOFlipid in the same concentration on THLE-2 cells, and revealed an acceptable hemolytic effect of 8.3%. The developed formulation was characterized by satisfactory stability. The in vitro studies showed the reduced cytotoxic effect of MAG-SMOF applied in high concentrations compared to bare SMOFlipid and the non-hemolytic effect on human blood cells. The magnolol-loaded SMOFlipid is promising for further development of hepatoprotective lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition

Etoricoxib-Cannabidiol Combo: Potential Role in Glioblastoma Treatment and Development of PLGA-Based Nanoparticles

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequently occurring primary malignant central nervous system tumor, with a poor prognosis and median survival below two years. Administration of a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and natural compounds that exhibit a curative or prophylactic effect in cancer is a new approach to GBM treatment. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic antitumor activity of etoricoxib (ETO) and cannabidiol (CBD) in a GBM cell line model, and to develop poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) for these two substances. Methods: The activity of ETO+CBD was determined using the MTT test, cell-cycle distribution assay, and apoptosis analysis using two GBM cell lines, namely, T98G and U-138 MG. The PLGA-based NPs were developed using the emulsification and solvent evaporation method. Their physicochemical properties, such as shape, size, entrapment efficiency (EE%), in vitro drug release, and quality attributes, were determined using scanning electron microscopy, diffraction light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Results: The combination of ETO and CBD reduced the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in both tested GBM cell lines. The developed method allowed for the preparation of ETO+CBD-NPs with a spherical shape, mean particle size (MPS) below 400 nm, zeta potential (ZP) values from −11 to −17.4 mV, polydispersity index (PDI) values in the range from 0.029 to 0.256, and sufficient EE% of both drugs (78.43% for CBD, 10.94% for ETO). Conclusions: The combination of ETO and CBD is a promising adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of GBM, and the prepared ETO+CBD-NPs exhibit a high potential for further pharmaceutical formulation development

Lichen Secondary Metabolites Inhibit the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells and Improve the Anticancer Effects of Temozolomide

Lichens are a source of secondary metabolites with significant pharmacological potential. Data regarding their possible application in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment are, however, scarce. The study aimed at analyzing the mechanism of action of six lichen secondary metabolites: atranorin, caperatic acid, physodic acid, squamatic acid, salazinic acid, and lecanoric acid using two- and three-dimensional GBM cell line models. The parallel artificial membrane permeation assay was used to predict the blood-brain barrier penetration ability of the tested compounds. Their cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT test on A-172, T98G, and U-138 MG cells. Flow cytometry was applied to the analysis of oxidative stress, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis, whereas qPCR and microarrays detected the induced transcriptomic changes. Our data confirm the ability of lichen secondary metabolites to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert cytotoxicity against GBM cells. Moreover, the compounds generated oxidative stress, interfered with the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis in T98G cells. They also inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and this effect was even stronger in case of a co-treatment with temozolomide. Transcriptomic changes in cancer related genes induced by caperatic acid and temozolomide were the most pronounced. Lichen secondary metabolites, caperatic acid in particular, should be further analyzed as potential anti-GBM agents