Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones by rhodium-catalyzed carbonylative arylation of internal alkynes with arylboronic acids

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry, İzmir, 2009Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 43-46)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishx, 166 leavesα,β-Unsaturated ketones are important key reagents in organic synthesis. They are commonly synthesised through an aldol condensation reaction.Since Hayashi et al. reported the first Rh-catalyzed addition of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated ketones, the Rh-catalyzed addition of organoboron reagents to various unsaturated systems has become increasingly popular as a method of constructing C.C bonds. Organoboron reagents readily undergo transmetalation with Rh to form arylrhodium(I) species that are capable of inducing the nucleophilic arylation of various electrophilic sites (Sakai, et al. 1997, Hayashi and Yamasaki 2003). In this work, we have succesfully performed another example of the Rhcatalyzed reaction of arylboronic acids: a reaction of arylboronic acids with alkynes under a CO atmosphere to yield α,β-unsaturated ketones (Kuş, et al. 2008). As a consequence, the methodology established in this study proposes arelatively mild and simple way for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones

Characterization of injective modules

İnjektif modüller, modül teorinin gelişiminde önemli bir yer alır. İnjektif modül teorisi farklı tanımlamalar ile geliştirilmiştir ve araştırmacılar injektif modüllerin pek çok genelleştirmelerini yapmışlardır. Bu tezde, biz injektif modüllerin farklı genelleştirmelerini karakterizasyonları bağlamında çalıştık. Bunun için A-injektif, principally injektif, quasi-injektif, pseudo-injektif, f -injektif, PP-M-injektif, small PPQ-injektif ve SP-M-injektif modülleri çalışılmıştır ve karakterizasyonları için denk şartlar incelenmiştir. Son olarak, ileri karakterizasyonlar için bu injektif modüller arasındaki ilişkiler verilmiştir.Injective modules take important place in the development of module theory. The theory of injective modules being developed by different definitions and thus researchers make a lot of generalizations of injective modules. In this thesis, we study some different generalizations of injective modules in the sense of characterizations. Therefore A-injective, principally injective, quasi-injective, pseudo-injective, f -injective, PP-M-injective, small PPQ-injective and SP-M-injective modules has been studied and equivalent conditions has been examined for characterizations. Finally, the relations of this injective modules has been given for further characterizations

Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing for Hyper-Parameter Optimization in Convolutional Neural Networks

In this study, we model a CNN hyper-parameter optimization problem as a bi-criteria optimization problem, where the first objective being the classification accuracy and the second objective being the computational complexity which is measured in terms of the number of floating point operations. For this bi-criteria optimization problem, we develop a Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) algorithm for obtaining high-quality solutions in terms of both objectives. CIFAR-10 is selected as the benchmark dataset, and the MOSA trade-off fronts obtained for this dataset are compared to the fronts generated by a single-objective Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm with respect to several front evaluation metrics such as generational distance, spacing and spread. The comparison results suggest that the MOSA algorithm is able to search the objective space more effectively than the SA method. For each of these methods, some front solutions are selected for longer training in order to see their actual performance on the original test set. Again, the results state that the MOSA performs better than the SA under multi-objective setting. The performance of the MOSA configurations are also compared to other search generated and human designed state-of-the-art architectures. It is shown that the network configurations generated by the MOSA are not dominated by those architectures, and the proposed method can be of great use when the computational complexity is as important as the test accuracy

Hyper-Parameter Selection in Convolutional Neural Networks Using Microcanonical Optimization Algorithm

The success of Convolutional Neural Networks is highly dependent on the selected architecture and the hyper-parameters. The need for the automatic design of the networks is especially important for complex architectures where the parameter space is so large that trying all possible combinations is computationally infeasible. In this study, Microcanonical Optimization algorithm which is a variant of Simulated Annealing method is used for hyper-parameter optimization and architecture selection for Convolutional Neural Networks. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides a rst attempt at applying Microcanonical Optimization for this task. The networks generated by the proposed method is compared to the networks generated by Simulated Annealing method in terms of both accuracy and size using six widely-used image recognition datasets. Moreover, a performance comparison using Tree Parzen Estimator which is a Bayesion optimization-based approach is also presented. It is shown that the proposed method is able to achieve competitive classi cation results with the state-of-the-art architectures. When the size of the networks is also taken into account, one can see that the networks generated by Microcanonical Optimization method contain far less parameters than the state-of-the-art architectures. Therefore, the proposed method can be preferred for automatically tuning the networks especially in situations where fast training is as important as the accuracy

The protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids on rat testicular tissue

Objectives: In this study, the protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids on testicular tissue was aimed to investigate at biochemical levels.Materials and methods: Totally, 16 adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Rats in Group I were used as control and only saline was given by intragastric gavage. Rats in Group II, 400 mg/kg dose ω-3 fatty acids were given daily by intragastric gavage. At the end of the six-week experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The testicular tissue specimens taken from animals, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically. In addition, blood testosterone levels were examined.Results: In our study, ω-3 fatty acids in rats were given a statistically significant increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels were determined when compared to control group. In addition, ω-3 fatty acids in rats given a statistically significant increase in blood testosterone levels were observed.Conclusion: We concluded that ω-3 fatty acid had favorable effects in rat testis tissue by preventing oxidative damage and increasing the level of testosterone

Social Studies Teachers’ Opinions and Practices Regarding Teaching Controversial Issues

In today’s globalised world, many issues have become controversial. These controversial issues affect society and the individuals who form them. It is inevitable that these topics are brought into social studies classrooms, because this learning area is profoundly related to society. Social studies teachers’ behaviours, attitudes, and professional knowledge are crucial in teaching controversial issues. The goal of this study was to investigate social studies teachers’ opinions and practices regarding teaching controversial issues in Turkey. The study utilised a mixed method in which both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The quantitative data for this study were collected from 646 social studies teachers in different cities in Turkey. The qualitative data were collected through observation of eight social studies teachers who were working in schools situated in areas at four different socioeconomic levels in the Kirsehir province. The content analysis method was used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated that there are differences between the teachers’ opinions and their practices in teaching controversial issues. The study also found that teachers are faced with academic, professional, and emotional challenges in teaching controversial issues

Pollution Effect Of Painted End-Of-Life Tires On Water Resources: Case Study Of Landscape Applications

Reuse of End-of-Life Tires (ELT), especially in architectural applications or landscape areas, is highly preferred today. At the same time, waste tires are used to prevent collisions on the side surfaces of boats in recreational areas such as lakes. Being able to be painted in the desired color for open space design is also a great advantage for quality and cost-effective projects. However, some toxic pollutants can also be released by leaching from whole, wrinkled or granular ELT-based products. In this study research conducted on acrylic spray-painted whole size ELT to evaluate general leaching characteristics under two different water sources. The small variety found for pH in both experimental conditions (0.10 to 0.24 for lake water and 0.17 to 0.40 for ornamental pool water). The electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Salinity were found to be constantly increases as soaking continue for both type of water. However, the highest EC value of 585 μs, TDS value of 430 ppm and Salinity value of 0.30 ppt were observed with ornamental pool water treatment conditions. A similar trend was also observed for turbidity, as leaching in progress which is continuously increased. It is reasonable to hypothesized that landscape applications (ornamental pool, landscape pool or parks) water is potentially more aging effects on acrylic painted ELT rather than lake water. As a result, the reuse of painted ELT's in open recreation areas, boats on the lake and parks will increase the risk of pollution of water resources

Optimal Progressive Group-Censoring Plans for Chen Distribution under Cost Constraint

[[abstract]]In this paper, the optimal design of a progressively group-censored life test with the restriction of experimental budget is developed for the Chen distribution is considered. The maximum likelihood estimates, approximate confidence intervals for the parameters based on progressively group-censored sample are obtained. Wu et al.’s (2008a) approach is used to determine the number of test units, the number of inspections and the length of inspection interval of a life test under a pre-determined budget of experiment such that the determinant of the asymptotic variances-covariance matrix of estimators of parameters is minimum. A numerical example is presented and the sensitivity analysis is also studied.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙

Novel Surrogate Measures Based on a Similarity Network for Neural Architecture Search

We propose two novel surrogate measures to predict the validation accuracy of the classification produced by a given neural architecture, thus eliminating the need to train it, in order to speed up neural architecture search (NAS). The surrogate measures are based on a solution similarity network, where distance between solutions is measured using the binary encoding of some graph sub-components of the neural architectures. These surrogate measures are implemented within local search and differential evolution algorithms and tested on NAS-Bench-101 and NAS-Bench-301 datasets. The results show that the performance of the similarity-network-based predictors, as measured by correlation between predicted and true accuracy values, are comparable to the state-of-the-art predictors in the literature, however they are significantly faster in achieving these high correlation values for NAS-Bench-101. Furthermore, in some cases, the use of these predictors significantly improves the search performance of the equivalent algorithm (differential evolution or local search) that does not use the predictor

Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar için internet tabanlı izleme sistemi tasarımı

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağ, Web tabanlı, Arayüz, Uzaktan İzelemeKablosuz Algılayıcı Ağ (KAA)'lar, bakım gerektirmeden uzun yıllar çalışabilmeleri ve çok çeşitli alanlarda kullanılabilmeleri sebebiyle hem endüstriyel uygulamalarda hem de akademik çalışmalarda çok popüler bir alan haline gelmiştir. Kablosuz algılayıcı düğümlerinin düşük maliyetli olması, erişimin imkânsız olduğu bölgelere kolaylıkla yerleştirilebilmesi ve uzun süreler boyunca bakım istemeden çalışabilmesi gibi özellikler kablosuz algılayıcı ağlarının çok çeşitli alanlarda kullanılabilmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar günümüzde çevre gözetleme sistemleri, askeri uygulamalar ve sağlık uygulamaları gibi birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır.KAA'ların bahsedilen bu çeşitli uygulama alanlarında kullanılırken düğümlerin ortamdan algıladığı verilerin bir bilgisayara kaydedilmesi, bu verilerin son kullanıcının anlayabileceği şekilde işlenmesi ve görselleştirilmesi önemli bir gereklilik olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında KAA'ların bu ihtiyacı üzerine odaklanılmakta ve KAA'lar için bir web tabanlı görselleştirme arabirimi tasarımı gerçekleştirilmektedir. Önerilen web tabanlı arabirim geliştirilirken kullanım kolaylığı, esneklik ve görsellik gibi kriterler ön plana alınmıştır. Bu arabirim yardımıyla kullanıcılar herhangi bir kod yazmaksızın konumlandırdıkları bir KAA uygulamasını internet aracılığıyla uzaktan gözlemleyebilmekte, gerçek zamanlı olarak düğümlerin algıladığı değerleri izleyebilmekte, algılanan bu değerleri farklı formlardaki grafiklere çevirebilmekte, ağdaki düğümlerin başarımlarını görebilmekte ve ağ topolojisindeki değişikliklerini gözlemleyebilmektedir. Zor ve yorucu olan veri toplama ve görselleştirme aşaması bu tez çalışmasında tasarımı gerçekleştirilen arabirim ile kolaylaştırılarak kullanıcıların zamandan tasarruf etmesi ve başka zor aşamalara odaklanması sağlanabilmektedir.Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, WEB-based, Interface, Remote MonitoringThe Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has become very popular in both industrial applications and academic studies in that they could be used in a wide range of areas and can work without maintenance for many years. WSNs can be used in many diverse application areas and have become more and more popular due to its low-cost, easy deployment in harsh environment, and long term maintenance-free properties. Today, WSNs are used in various areas such as environmental monitoring system, military applications and health applications.Saving the sensed data of the nodes to a computer, and the processing/visualization of these data according to the end users are important requirement in such as application areas. In this thesis, we have focused on this need of WSNs and we have designed the web-based visualization interface for WSNs. The most important aspect of the proposed interface is to give attention to flexibility, visuality, and ease of use. By using the designed interface, the users are able to remotely monitor the deployed WSN, to observe the sensed data coming from the sensor nodes in real-time manner, to create the various charts from sensed data, to check the performance of the sensor nodes, and to analyse the topological changes of the network without writing any code. The designed web interface simplifies such a tedious and difficult phase; as a result, the users can save time, and can be focus on other difficult WSNs? phases