Upotreba AHP modela i rezultata ankete pri odlučivanju o proizvodnom programu u industriji namještaja

The paper presents a case study in which a potential investor wanted to invest into a furniture store in the part of the Republic of Croatia named Dalmatia. In four Dalmatian counties (Split, Zadar, Šibenik and Dubrovnik counties), 220 randomly selected persons (180 answered) were asked by telephone what kind of furniture they would like to buy in the next two years and how much they were prepared to pay for the purchase. Based on the results of a consumer survey, fi ve possible alternatives (product lines) were selected and the priorities determined, i.e. which product line was the most profi table taking into account criteria of successful business operations using the multi-criteria model.U radu je prikazan studij slučaja na osnovi kojega potencijalni ulagači mogu ulagati u prodajna mjesta namještaja na području Dalmacije. U četiri dalmatinske županije (Splitsko-dalmatinskoj, Zadarskoj, Šibensko-kninskoj i Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj), 220 anketiranih osoba (180 odgovora) anketirani su telefonom o tome koje skupine namještaja namjeravaju kupiti u sljedeće dvije godine te koliko su spremni platiti za namještaj. Koristeći se rezultatima ankete, određeno je pet mogućih proizvodnih programa. Na temelju kriterija uspješnog poslovanja poduzeća, primjenom višekriterijskog modela, određeni su prioriteti, tj. ustanovljeno je koji je proizvodni program najisplativiji

Upotreba AHP modela i rezultata ankete pri odlučivanju o proizvodnom programu u industriji namještaja

The paper presents a case study in which a potential investor wanted to invest into a furniture store in the part of the Republic of Croatia named Dalmatia. In four Dalmatian counties (Split, Zadar, Šibenik and Dubrovnik counties), 220 randomly selected persons (180 answered) were asked by telephone what kind of furniture they would like to buy in the next two years and how much they were prepared to pay for the purchase. Based on the results of a consumer survey, fi ve possible alternatives (product lines) were selected and the priorities determined, i.e. which product line was the most profi table taking into account criteria of successful business operations using the multi-criteria model.U radu je prikazan studij slučaja na osnovi kojega potencijalni ulagači mogu ulagati u prodajna mjesta namještaja na području Dalmacije. U četiri dalmatinske županije (Splitsko-dalmatinskoj, Zadarskoj, Šibensko-kninskoj i Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj), 220 anketiranih osoba (180 odgovora) anketirani su telefonom o tome koje skupine namještaja namjeravaju kupiti u sljedeće dvije godine te koliko su spremni platiti za namještaj. Koristeći se rezultatima ankete, određeno je pet mogućih proizvodnih programa. Na temelju kriterija uspješnog poslovanja poduzeća, primjenom višekriterijskog modela, određeni su prioriteti, tj. ustanovljeno je koji je proizvodni program najisplativiji

The Effect of Body Mass on Physiological Indicators in the Performance of Forestry Workers

The paper presents the results of research into the effects of body mass (BM) on basic physiological indicators of work capability among forestry workers. The indicators included the maximum theoretical heart rate, the maximum heart rate in exertion tests, and the basal energy expenditure. The effects of the deviation of the actual from the ideal BM values were analysed on a sample of 8 workers. The variables included age, body height and mass. These were used to determine the maximum theoretical heart rate. The maximum heart rate was determined in an ergonomic laboratory in a programmed exertion test on a treadmill. Using standard formulae in work physiology, values of work capability indicators were calculated for the actual and ideal BM of each worker. The results, embracing individual and summary values and their absolute and relative ratios, showed that workers exceeded their ideal BM by an average of 9.9 kg. In all workers, the maximum theoretical heart rate was higher than that achieved in the exertion test. It was also found that even significant deviations of the ideal from the actual BM (the actual BM was more than 20% higher than the ideal BM) did not have any considerable effects on the maximum theoretical heart rate. The analysis of oxygen consumption showed that in relation to physical capability of the ideal BM and the maximal theoretical heart rate, physical capability of each worker was lower by an average of 11.5%. The highest reduction of physical capability was found in those workers with the least favourable ratio between the theoretical and the maximal tested heart rate. It was concluded that on average, the basal energy expenditure in each worker was higher by 7.45% due to the deviation of the actual from the ideal BM. At constant values of other factors, this means an equivalently lower capacity for daily physical performance

Analysing the duration of studyng on undergraduate studies et the Faculty of forestry, University of Zagreb

Iako se šumarstvo smatra tradicionalnom strukom i područjem znanosti, njegova važnost i značenje u današnjim prilikama povećane svijesti o klimatskim promjena i dobrobiti održivog razvoja prirodnih ekosustava svakim danom sve više raste. Suvremeni i ažurirani studijski programi neophodni su uvjet za primjereno obrazovanje stručnjaka za gospodarenje šumskim ekosustavima i proizvodima. Bolji uvid u studentsku socioekonomsku pozadinu i motivaciju za studij mogu poslužiti za unapređenje studijskih programa, kao i pomoć studentima u postizanju boljih rezultata. Provedeno je istraživanje radi usporedbe trajanja preddiplomskog studija i postignute prosječne ocjene s analizom čimbenika koji bi mogli na to utjecati. Proveden je upitnik među studentima (N=185) diplomskih studija Šumarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu akademske godine 2016/2017. Analizom varijance testirane su razlike između prosječnih ocjena studija i trajanja studija. Za procjenu utjecaja čimbenika na trajanje studija provedena je višestruka linearna regresija.Približno trećina studenata dolazi iz Zagreba. Više od dvije trećine studenata na šumarskom odsjeku je završilo gimnaziju, dok su na drvnotehnološkom odsjeku dvije trećine studenata završile srednje strukovne škole. Prosječne ocjene i trajanje studija ne razlikuju se statistički značajno po studijskim programima ni po spolu. Prosječna ocjena studija i trajanje studija statistički su značajno negativno korelirani za sva tri studijska programa. Statistički značajni prediktor trajanja studija za sva tri studijska programa je prosječna ocjena studija. Za studij Šumarstvo dodatni prediktori za kraće studiranje su stipendija i osobna motivacija, dok su za studij drvne tehnologije spol (M), stipendija i završena srednja škola (gimnazija).Although forestry is often considered as a traditional field of applied science, it resumes its importance in context of increased awareness of climate change and benefits coming from natural ecosystems. Updated and contemporary study programmes are needed to ensure an adequate education on managing forest ecosystems and its products.A better insight in student background and their motivation for studies are welcome to improve the study programmes and also to find the ways how to help students achieve better results. A case study research was carried out to measure success of studies by duration of studies and average grades achieved, with possible causes. Three undergraduate study programmes on Zagreb Faculty of Forestry were analyzed (Forestry N=94, Urban forestry N=54 and Wood Technology N=39), with data acquired from a questionnaire among forestry graduate students on the same faculty academic year 2016/2017. A Factorial ANOVA was performed to test differences between the studies, and a multivariate linear regression for the influence of predictor variables on the duration of study.Although this profession is associated with people from rural areas, about one third of all students comes from the capital city (Figure 1). Students of Wood Technology (DT) are mostly coming from vocational schools (70%) while Forestry (ŠO) and Urban Forestry (UŠ) students are mostly from gymnasiums (67% and 83%). For about 91% of students main motivation was a personal sake rather than a family interest (9%). Average scores and the duration of study on three study programmes have not been proven significantly different between the studies, nor between male and female students (Table 5). A longer time of study is proven to negatively correlated with the average grades on all study programmes: ŠO (r = -0,56), UŠ (r = -0,55) and DT (r = -0,38) (Table 4.). Statistically significant predictor for duration (with logarithmic transformation) on all study programmes in regression analysis was the average grade, with negative sign, thus leading to a shorter study time. Additional statistically significant predictors for ŠO were obtained grant and personal motivation (negative sign), and for DT were sex, obtained grant, and type of high school (Table 6)

Application of multicriteria AHP method in selection of wood harvesting system

Donošenje odluka, kao proces odabira neke od alternativa kojima se rješava dani problem, u šumarstvu je naglašeno zahtjevno zbog mnogobrojnosti i širokog raspona kriterija uključenih u proces odlučivanja. Primjena različitih metoda višekriterijskog odlučivanja u takvim se situacijama pokazuje kao važan i potencijalno dobar način pristupanja brojnim šumarskim pitanjima i problemima. U tom smislu, u ovom se radu primjenom višekriterijske metode odlučivanja Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ocijenila prikladnost primjene pojedinih sustava pridobivanja drva za odabranu šumsku sastojinu, odnosno radilište. Na temelju ispitivanja šumarskih stručnjaka i usporedbe postojećih sustava pridobivanja drva, prema postavljenim kriterijima, utvrdili su se rangovi pojedinih alternativa i donijet je prijedlog odluke o odabiru optimalnog sustava pridobivanja drva za predviđene proizvodne zadaće i konkretne uvjete određenog šumsko-gospodarskog područja. S obzirom na definirane tehnološko-biološke, ekonomske, ekološke, ergonomske, energijske i estetske kriterije odabira, kao najpogodnija opcija ocijenjen je sustav kojega čine harvester i forvarder.Decision-making, as a process of selecting some of the alternatives to solve a given problem, in forestry is extremely demanding because of the multiplicity and wide range of criteria involved in the decision-making process. Such interests and criteria cover a number of economic issues, social issues, environmental and ecological issues. The application of different multicriteria decision-making methods in such situations can be an important and potentially good way of addressing many forestry issues and problems. Multicriteria decision-making has been present in forestry for more than 40 years, however, more significant application has begun in the 1990s and numerous, in the meantime published multi-criteria papers dealing with different forestry issues in various areas. In this paper, a multicriteria procedure – Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the existing timber harvesting systems in Croatian forestry. The AHP, introduced by Thomas Saaty (1980), is an effective tool for dealing with complex decision making. By reducing complex decisions to a series of pairwise comparisons, and then synthesizing the results, the AHP helps to capture both subjective and objective aspects of a decision. In this way it aids the decision maker to set priorities and make the optimal decision. By using the AHP method, the appropriateness of particular timber harvesting systems for the specific conditions of selected forest stand and planned production tasks (thinning) was evaluated. The study included a comparison of seven different timber harvesting systems, i.e. alternatives: 1) Logger and adapted farm tractor, 2) Logger and skidder with winch, 3) Logger and forestry trailer with crane, 4) Logger and forwarder, 5) Harvester and forwarder, 6) Logger and mobile tower yarder, 7) Logger and cable yarder on truck. The aim was to develop a model for multicriteria assessment of the suitability and effectiveness of particular timber harvesting systems and also demonstrate the possibilities of applying the AHP method, as well as other multicriteria methods in forestry. Based on the prepared questionnaire, i.e. examination of forestry experts and comparison of existing timber harvesting systems, according to the set criteria, the ranks of individual alternatives were determined and a decision proposal was made on the selection of optimal timber harvesting system for the foreseen production tasks and specific conditions of a particular forest management area. Given the defined technological-biological, economic, environmental, ergonomic, energy and aesthetic selection criteria, a system consisting of a harvester and a forwarder was evaluated as the most appropriate option. Designed multi-criteria approach offers more comprehensive bases for deciding on the most suitable technologies and means of work at many different forestry sites in Croatia. The research results can thus support forestry professionals in decision making and indirectly influence the selection and implementation of specific timber harvesting systems. The development and application of AHP and other multi-criteria methods in this regard can be valuable assistance at the strategic and operational level of decision-making in forestry

Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Forestry – Methods and Experiences

U radu su prikazani višekriterijski modeli koji u šumarstvu mogu poslužiti kao podrška u planiranju i odlučivanju. Ukratko je opisano i us pore đe no više metoda među kojima su: analiza omeđivanja podataka, anali tički hi jerarhijski proces, jednostavno višeatributno rangiranje, metode vi šeg ranga i dr. Cilj je bio pojasniti za koje se vrste zadataka i problema takve metode mogu primijeniti u šumarstvu. Time je omogućen uvid u karakteristike pojedinih me­toda i pomoć u odabiru potencijalnih metoda kod eventualne primje ne. Uloga i značaj višekriterijskih modela u šumarstvu opisani su brojnim primjerima i iz vo rima u kojima su primijenjeni različiti modeli. U radu se tako đer kroz prikaz istraživanja provedenih na primjeru “Hrvatskih šuma” d.o.o. Zagreb daje uvid u mogućnosti te svrsishodnost i opravdanost primjene vi šekriterijskih matema tičkih modela. Zaključuje se da razvoj i primjena mode la višekriterijskog odlu či vanja može pridonijeti lakšem analiziranju, planiranju i predviđanju pri gospodarenju šumama.Planning and decision making in forestry is characterized with a high degree of complexity due to multiple goals of forest management. The principle of the sustainable development is incorporated in management and utilization of forests and forest land in a way that adheres to biological di versity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and potential of the forest to fulfill, now and in the future, its important economical, ecological and so cial functions. All of the above complicates the performing of daily forestry operations, while managers are conditioned to perform constant analyzes of all relevant management indicators. The emphasis in these analyzes is put on standardized natural and financial indicators of production and management. In this highly dynamical period for the management of natural resources fore stry experts need models in which different accounting and financial data is transformed into easily usable information. In such circumstances methods and techniques that can contribute to more reliable planning and to more ob­jective decision making are of great importance, as are the models of objective analysis and management result-scoring methods. This paper provides an overview of models which take into consideration simultaneously several criteria, so that they can provide more comprehensive measures of management, and to serve as a background for planning and de cision making. Several methods of multiple-criteria decision making has been described and compared. Brief description and comparison presented in the paper includes following multi-criteria methods: data envelopment analysis (DEA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), simple multi-attribute rating tech nique (SMART), outranking methods, voting methods and stochastic multicri teria analysis (SMAA). The goal is to explain for which types of tasks and problems these methods can be applied in the field of forestry. That provides an insight into characteristics of the respective methods and a guideline to eventual choice of which method to apply. A valuable contribution on the role and significance of the multiple-criteria decision making models in forestry is provided through cited papers, and specially through concrete example of the application of such models through the research performed within “Hrvatske šume” Ltd. Zagreb. In this research the efficiency of organizational units in the Croatian forestry is evaluated by applying DEA. The results of relative ef ficiency are based on calculation of output oriented CCR and BCC models. Frequency of efficient units in reference set of inefficient units is given. The sources and values of inefficiencies are established and the impact of structu ral characteristics on relative efficiency of forest offices is shown. Forest offi ces are also grouped by Forest Administrations and regions they belong to. In the selection and application of multiple-criteria decision making met hods a special attention must be paid to the quality and availability of infor mation which are needed for the analysis and grading of alternatives, according to the set criteria. An appropriate method must be chosen in a way in which all the data available with the reasonable amount of effort and dedi cation could be utilised as fully as possible. It is also good to apply models which decision makers and other stakeholders can understand, and whose re sults and calculations they can easily illustrate and interpret. However, prac tical multiple-criteria decision making applications are usually too “technical”, so real cases and situations are either over-simplified, or they are too complex for application, comprehension and interpretation. In such conditions their application in decision making and management often needs special knowledge and/or help of trained experts. At the same time, the diffe rences in the types of individuals involved in the process of planning and deci sion making has to be also taken into consideration. People differ between each other in knowledge and skills, and they are differently prepared do parti cipate in analyzes and decision making. Recent studies demonstrate to the usage of hybrid methods, or to the usage of several models and techniques si multaneously. Interactive application of several methods contributes to the ef ficiency of the analyzes, that is to the objectivity and to the reliability of estimates, but also to learning and raising capacities. In forestry, planning and decision making is often based on more or less in complete information, missing information, or sometimes on purely descrip tive information. In that way the process of forest management is tackled with much of insecurity, incertitude and risk, which does not allow precise estima tes and planning. In that context the methods of multiple-criteria decision ma king, such as AHP and SMAA, have potential for the wider acceptance in forestry and natural resource management. Multiple-criteria models cannot replace traditional tools and procedures in forest planning; on the contrary, they should be complementary. In that sense, the numerical simulations and optimizations are important for the estimation of future production abilities and decision making related to production planning, although they may not be able to enlist all the relative problems of multi-functional forest management. In that cases their estimations and results, as any other information sources (such as GIS, expert judgments, subjective preferences of descriptive data) can be used within a common framework with the methods of multiple-criteria decision making. In the last few years, the research and the application of multiple-criteria decision making models has been widely represented in many areas, and espe cially in the management of natural resources. Additionally, besides scientists and researchers these methods have gained interest of experts and practitio ners. In forestry they are applied with an intention of better responding to cur rent challenges in forest management. The complexity of business environment, the imperative of ecological acceptability and business success with simultaneous sustainable management of forests creates a demand for new and more precise models and techniques in forestry. Through develop ment and application of analysis which encompasses different models of mul tiple-criteria decision making it is possible to contribute to more simplified analysis, planning and foreseeing in forest management. Generally, it is con sidered that multiple-criteria decision making models in forestry, as in other business systems, can be very strong support to planning and decision ma king

CRITERIA RANKING IN ASSESSING TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS CAPABILITY IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING

Današnji trend globalizacije svjetskog tržišta, konkurencije i sve veći zahtjevi potrošača učinili su kvalitetu proizvoda i usluga presudnim čimbenikom s kojim se osvaja tržište. Sve se to neupitno odražava i na proizvodnju namještaja u Republici Hrvatskoj zbog njene trajne orijentiranosti na izvoz kao jedini mogući način postizanja tržišne konkurentnosti.Istraživački poligoni su bile dvije tvornice pločastog namještaja. Tijekom godinu i pol dana snimljeni su, prikupljeni i obrađeni podaci odabranih proizvoda, na osnovi kojih su prikazani najutjecajniji činitelji sposobnosti procesa za svaki od poligona. Za rangiranje kriterija pri utvrđivanju sposobnosti tehnološkog procesa primijenjena je metoda Analitičkog Hijerarhijskog Procesa (AHP). Istraživanje je pokazalo da su kriteriji koji najviše utječu na sposobnost tehnološkog procesa u proizvodnji namještaja: čovjek, materijal i stroj. Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata ovaj je rad prilog raspravi o poznatom i suvremenom razumijevanju kontrole kvalitete i predstavlja znanstvenu podlogu za izradu odgovarajućeg modela sposobnosti i stabilnosti.Today’s trend of world market globalization, competition and ever greater demands of customers have highlighted the quality of products and services as the key factor in conquering the market. It all impacts wood processing and furniture manufacturing in the Republic of Croatia due to its constant orientation to export as the only way of achieving market competitiveness.Research polygons were two factories of board furniture. Relevant data for considered products were gathered over 1.5 years, and then processed to determine factors with strongest influence on the process capability of each polygon. The criteria for determining technological processes capability were selected using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Research has shown that the most influencing criteria on technological process capability are human, material and machine. Based on obtained results, this paper is a contribution to the discussion on traditional and modern quality assurance models, and represents scientific grounds for implementing a suitable stability and capability model

Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Forestry – Methods and Experiences

U radu su prikazani višekriterijski modeli koji u šumarstvu mogu poslužiti kao podrška u planiranju i odlučivanju. Ukratko je opisano i us pore đe no više metoda među kojima su: analiza omeđivanja podataka, anali tički hi jerarhijski proces, jednostavno višeatributno rangiranje, metode vi šeg ranga i dr. Cilj je bio pojasniti za koje se vrste zadataka i problema takve metode mogu primijeniti u šumarstvu. Time je omogućen uvid u karakteristike pojedinih me­toda i pomoć u odabiru potencijalnih metoda kod eventualne primje ne. Uloga i značaj višekriterijskih modela u šumarstvu opisani su brojnim primjerima i iz vo rima u kojima su primijenjeni različiti modeli. U radu se tako đer kroz prikaz istraživanja provedenih na primjeru “Hrvatskih šuma” d.o.o. Zagreb daje uvid u mogućnosti te svrsishodnost i opravdanost primjene vi šekriterijskih matema tičkih modela. Zaključuje se da razvoj i primjena mode la višekriterijskog odlu či vanja može pridonijeti lakšem analiziranju, planiranju i predviđanju pri gospodarenju šumama.Planning and decision making in forestry is characterized with a high degree of complexity due to multiple goals of forest management. The principle of the sustainable development is incorporated in management and utilization of forests and forest land in a way that adheres to biological di versity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and potential of the forest to fulfill, now and in the future, its important economical, ecological and so cial functions. All of the above complicates the performing of daily forestry operations, while managers are conditioned to perform constant analyzes of all relevant management indicators. The emphasis in these analyzes is put on standardized natural and financial indicators of production and management. In this highly dynamical period for the management of natural resources fore stry experts need models in which different accounting and financial data is transformed into easily usable information. In such circumstances methods and techniques that can contribute to more reliable planning and to more ob­jective decision making are of great importance, as are the models of objective analysis and management result-scoring methods. This paper provides an overview of models which take into consideration simultaneously several criteria, so that they can provide more comprehensive measures of management, and to serve as a background for planning and de cision making. Several methods of multiple-criteria decision making has been described and compared. Brief description and comparison presented in the paper includes following multi-criteria methods: data envelopment analysis (DEA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), simple multi-attribute rating tech nique (SMART), outranking methods, voting methods and stochastic multicri teria analysis (SMAA). The goal is to explain for which types of tasks and problems these methods can be applied in the field of forestry. That provides an insight into characteristics of the respective methods and a guideline to eventual choice of which method to apply. A valuable contribution on the role and significance of the multiple-criteria decision making models in forestry is provided through cited papers, and specially through concrete example of the application of such models through the research performed within “Hrvatske šume” Ltd. Zagreb. In this research the efficiency of organizational units in the Croatian forestry is evaluated by applying DEA. The results of relative ef ficiency are based on calculation of output oriented CCR and BCC models. Frequency of efficient units in reference set of inefficient units is given. The sources and values of inefficiencies are established and the impact of structu ral characteristics on relative efficiency of forest offices is shown. Forest offi ces are also grouped by Forest Administrations and regions they belong to. In the selection and application of multiple-criteria decision making met hods a special attention must be paid to the quality and availability of infor mation which are needed for the analysis and grading of alternatives, according to the set criteria. An appropriate method must be chosen in a way in which all the data available with the reasonable amount of effort and dedi cation could be utilised as fully as possible. It is also good to apply models which decision makers and other stakeholders can understand, and whose re sults and calculations they can easily illustrate and interpret. However, prac tical multiple-criteria decision making applications are usually too “technical”, so real cases and situations are either over-simplified, or they are too complex for application, comprehension and interpretation. In such conditions their application in decision making and management often needs special knowledge and/or help of trained experts. At the same time, the diffe rences in the types of individuals involved in the process of planning and deci sion making has to be also taken into consideration. People differ between each other in knowledge and skills, and they are differently prepared do parti cipate in analyzes and decision making. Recent studies demonstrate to the usage of hybrid methods, or to the usage of several models and techniques si multaneously. Interactive application of several methods contributes to the ef ficiency of the analyzes, that is to the objectivity and to the reliability of estimates, but also to learning and raising capacities. In forestry, planning and decision making is often based on more or less in complete information, missing information, or sometimes on purely descrip tive information. In that way the process of forest management is tackled with much of insecurity, incertitude and risk, which does not allow precise estima tes and planning. In that context the methods of multiple-criteria decision ma king, such as AHP and SMAA, have potential for the wider acceptance in forestry and natural resource management. Multiple-criteria models cannot replace traditional tools and procedures in forest planning; on the contrary, they should be complementary. In that sense, the numerical simulations and optimizations are important for the estimation of future production abilities and decision making related to production planning, although they may not be able to enlist all the relative problems of multi-functional forest management. In that cases their estimations and results, as any other information sources (such as GIS, expert judgments, subjective preferences of descriptive data) can be used within a common framework with the methods of multiple-criteria decision making. In the last few years, the research and the application of multiple-criteria decision making models has been widely represented in many areas, and espe cially in the management of natural resources. Additionally, besides scientists and researchers these methods have gained interest of experts and practitio ners. In forestry they are applied with an intention of better responding to cur rent challenges in forest management. The complexity of business environment, the imperative of ecological acceptability and business success with simultaneous sustainable management of forests creates a demand for new and more precise models and techniques in forestry. Through develop ment and application of analysis which encompasses different models of mul tiple-criteria decision making it is possible to contribute to more simplified analysis, planning and foreseeing in forest management. Generally, it is con sidered that multiple-criteria decision making models in forestry, as in other business systems, can be very strong support to planning and decision ma king

CRITERIA RANKING IN ASSESSING TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS CAPABILITY IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING

Današnji trend globalizacije svjetskog tržišta, konkurencije i sve veći zahtjevi potrošača učinili su kvalitetu proizvoda i usluga presudnim čimbenikom s kojim se osvaja tržište. Sve se to neupitno odražava i na proizvodnju namještaja u Republici Hrvatskoj zbog njene trajne orijentiranosti na izvoz kao jedini mogući način postizanja tržišne konkurentnosti.Istraživački poligoni su bile dvije tvornice pločastog namještaja. Tijekom godinu i pol dana snimljeni su, prikupljeni i obrađeni podaci odabranih proizvoda, na osnovi kojih su prikazani najutjecajniji činitelji sposobnosti procesa za svaki od poligona. Za rangiranje kriterija pri utvrđivanju sposobnosti tehnološkog procesa primijenjena je metoda Analitičkog Hijerarhijskog Procesa (AHP). Istraživanje je pokazalo da su kriteriji koji najviše utječu na sposobnost tehnološkog procesa u proizvodnji namještaja: čovjek, materijal i stroj. Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata ovaj je rad prilog raspravi o poznatom i suvremenom razumijevanju kontrole kvalitete i predstavlja znanstvenu podlogu za izradu odgovarajućeg modela sposobnosti i stabilnosti.Today’s trend of world market globalization, competition and ever greater demands of customers have highlighted the quality of products and services as the key factor in conquering the market. It all impacts wood processing and furniture manufacturing in the Republic of Croatia due to its constant orientation to export as the only way of achieving market competitiveness.Research polygons were two factories of board furniture. Relevant data for considered products were gathered over 1.5 years, and then processed to determine factors with strongest influence on the process capability of each polygon. The criteria for determining technological processes capability were selected using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Research has shown that the most influencing criteria on technological process capability are human, material and machine. Based on obtained results, this paper is a contribution to the discussion on traditional and modern quality assurance models, and represents scientific grounds for implementing a suitable stability and capability model

Analiza investicijskih ulaganja proizvodnih subjekata prerade drva i proizvodnje namještaja primjenom ključnih čimbenika konkurentnosti

Processing of wood and manufacture of wood and cork products, excluding furniture, manufacture of straw and plaiting goods (C16) and manufacture of furniture (C31) were the most competitive activities of the Republic of Croatia in the European market in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Those activities began losing their market share at the end of 1994, and no significant positive change in market competitiveness has been recorded since then. The question is how to achieve and maintain competitiveness, which is the condition of survival in an increasingly demanding environment. Preliminary and previous research on investments points to the assumption that the problem of competitiveness in the observed economic branch essentially boils down to a problem in the quality and efficiency of the investments of associated business entities. This paper tries to give answers to the following questions: What is the investment policy, is there an internal factor for lagging behind in competitiveness, what the other reasons are and how competitiveness can be achieved. By analyzing the investment in key factors of competitiveness in the period 2007 to 2010, consistently established by this paper, the existing data on investment of wood processing and furniture manufacturing entities will be identified, and an AHP investment model will be proposed that takes into account the simultaneous influence of all of the key factors of competitiveness and is the best indicator of the direction to be taken, with the final aim of achieving competitiveness.Prerada drva i proizvoda od drva i pluta, osim namještaja; proizvodnja proizvoda od slame i pletarskih materijala (C16) i proizvodnja namještaja (C31) Republike Hrvatske u kasnim 1980-ima i ranim 1990-im godinama bili su konkurentna aktivnost na europskom tržištu. Nakon 1994. godine te djelatnosti počinju gubiti svoje tržišne udjele i do danas nije zabilježena znatnija pozitivna promjena tržišne konkurentnosti. Postavlja se pitanje kako ostvariti i održati konkurentnost, što je uvjet opstanka u sve zahtjevnijem okruženju. Preliminarna i prethodna istraživanja investicijske aktivnosti upućuju na pretpostavku da se problem konkurentnosti promatranoga gospodarstva u osnovi svodi na problem kvalitete i učinkovitosti investicijskih ulaganja pripadajućih gospodarskih subjekata. Kakva je investicijska politika i je li ona unutarnji čimbenik zaostajanja u konkurentnosti, koji su drugi razlozi i kako postići konkurentnost, pitanja su na koja odgovor daje ovaj rad. Analizom ulaganja u ključne čimbenike konkurentnosti u razdoblju od 2007. do 2010. godine, konzistentno utvrđene ovim radom, identificirat će se postojeći model investicijskih ulaganja gospodarskih subjekata prerade drva i proizvodnje namještaja te predložiti AHP model investicijskih ulaganja koji uzima u obzir istodobni utjecaj svih ključnih čimbenika konkurentnosti i najbolji je pokazatelj u kojem smjeru treba krenuti radi postizanja konačnog cilja – osiguranja konkurentnosti