LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and REE patterns of apatite from the Tatra Mountains, Poland as a monitor of the regional tectonomagmatic activity

This study presents apatite LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age and trace elements concentrations data from different granite types from the Tatra Mountains, Poland. Apatite from monazite and xenotime-bearing High Tatra granite was dated at 339 ± 5 Ma. The apatite LREE patterns reflect two types of magmas that contributed to this layered magma series. Apatite from a hybrid allanite-bearing diorite from the Goryczkowa Unit was dated at 340 ± 4 Ma with apatite LREE depletion reflecting the role of allanite and titanite during apatite crystallization. Apatite crystals from a hybrid cumulative rock from the Western Tatra Mountains were dated at 344 ± 3 Ma. Apatite is one of the main REE carriers in this sample and exhibit flat REE patterns. Taking into account the relatively low closure temperature of the U-Pb system in apatite (350–550°C), the c. 340 Ma apatite ages mark the end of high temperature tectonometamorphic activity in the Tatra Mountains

The petrogenesis of granitoid rocks unusually rich in apatite in the Western Tatra Mts. (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)

In the bottom part of the tongue-shaped, layered granitoid intrusion, exposed in the Western Tatra Mts., apatite-rich granitic rocks occur as pseudo-layers and pockets between I-type hybrid mafic precursors and homogeneous S-type felsic granitoids. The apatite-rich rocks are peraluminous (ASI = 1.12–1.61), with P2O5 contents ranging from 0.05 to 3.41 wt.% (<7.5 vol.% apatite), shoshonitic to high-K calc-alkaline. Apatite is present as long-prismatic zoned crystals (Ap1) and as large xenomorphic unzoned crystals (Ap2). Ap1 apatite and biotite represent an early cumulate. Feldspar and Ap2 textural relations may reflect the interaction of the crystal faces of both minerals and support a model based on local saturation of (P, Ca, F) versus (K, Na, Al, Si, Ba) in the border zones. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the apatite rocks and for pure apatite suggest apatite was a main REE carrier in these rocks. Minerals characteristics and the whole rock chemistry suggest both reduced S-type and I-type magma influenced the apatite-rich rocks. The field observations, mineral and rock chemistry as well as mass-balance calculations point out that the presence of apatite-rich rocks may be linked to the continuous mixing of felsic and mafic magmas, creating unique phosphorus- and aluminium-rich magma portions. Formation of these rocks was initially dominated by the complex flowage-controlled and to some extent also gravity-driven separation of early-formed zoned minerals and, subsequently, by local saturation in the border zones of growing feldspar and apatite crystals. Slow diffusion in the phosphorus-rich magma pockets favoured the local saturation and simultaneous crystallization of apatite and feldspars in a crystal-ladden melt

Petrogenesis of kyanite-quartz segregations in mica schists of the Western Tatra Mountains (Slovakia)

In the Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) metamorphic complex, kyanite-quartz segregations with biotite-rich selvage occur in mylonitized mica schists. In this paper, the problem of fluid flow and aluminium mobility during the uplift of the crystalline massif, and the position of the segregations in the history of Western Tatra metamorphic complex, is adressed. The reaction Alm + Rt Ilm + Ky + Qtz is considered to be the result of a pressure drop from above to below 9 kbar. Ti-in-biotite geothermometry shows the temperature range to be 579- 639ºC that is related to heating and decompression associated with granite intrusion. Major-element mass-balance calculations show that Al remained stable in the selvage + segregation system whereas other elements (e.g. Cr, HFSE) were mobilized. The kyanite-quartz segregations formed from local fluids generated during dehydration of the metapelitic rocks during uplift. The main mechanism was likely diffusion-driven mass-transfer into extensionrelated cracks

Episodic construction of the Tatra granitoid intrusion (Central Western Carpathians, Poland/Slovakia) : consequences for the geodynamics of Variscan collision and Rheic Ocean closure

The Tatra granitoid pluton (Central Western Carpathians, Poland/Slovakia) is an example of composite polygenetic intrusion, comprising many magmatic pulses varying compositionally from diorite to granite. The U– Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon dating of successive magma batches indicates the presence of magmatic episodes at 370– 368, 365, 360, 355 and 350–340 Ma, all together covering a time span of 30 Ma of magmatic activity. The partial resorption and recycling of former granitoid material (“petrological cannibalism”) was a result of the incremental growth of the pluton and temperature in the range of 750–850 °C. The long-lasting granitoid magmatism was connected to the prolonged subduction of oceanic crust and collision of the Proto-Carpathian Terrane with a volcanic arc and finally with Laurussia, closing the Rheic Ocean. The differences in granitoid composition are the results of different depths of crustal melting. More felsic magmas were generated in the outer zone of the volcanic arc, whilst more mafic magmas were formed in the inner part of the supra-subduction zone. The source rocks of the granitoid magmas covered the compositional range of metapelite–amphibolite and were from both lower and upper crust. The presence of the inherited zircon cores suggests that the collision and granitoid magmatism involved crust of Cadomian consolidation age (c. 530 and 518 Ma) forming the Proto-Carpathian Terrane, crust of Avalonian affinity (462, 426 Ma) and melted metasedimentary rocks of volcanic arc provenance

Entesopathy of the lateral epicondyle of the humeral bone – current treatment options

Chronic pain located on the lateral surface of the elbow in the area of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus is characteristic for a disease called tennis elbow, which belongs to the group of enthesopathies, i. e. diseases related to bone tendon attachment. The cause of the disease are micro-injuries caused by repetitive movements and chronic overloads. Degenerative changes occur in the tendons of the finger and wrist extensor muscles which attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The problem usually affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. A typical location for pain is the lateral side of the elbow joint but it can often radiate to the forearm and wrist. In our paper we presented the most commonly used and most effective methods of treatment of the disease. The least invasive methods of physiotherapy and rehabilitation include home exercise, ultrasound and phonophoresis, cryotherapy, light therapy, laser therapy and radial shock wave terapy. We compared the efficacy of pharmacological methods such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid injections with lidocaine, platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, collagen. We also mentioned the indications and surgical techniques of the tennis elbow

Orbital trauma with a large wooden foreign body: a case report

Introduction: Injuries caused by a foreign bodies in the craniofacial region constitute a significant percentage of accidents during the work. The most serious problem is to determine the exact location and extent of damage caused by a foreign body. The aim of work is to present a scheme of conduct in case of a foreign body inside the eye socket. Matherials and methods: Describes a case of a patient with an injury caused by a wooden foreign body. The circumstances of occurrence, ophthalmic and surgical actions taken in order to remove it were included. A lot of attention has been paid to prevention of intraocular infections. Results: Patient did not find both post-traumatic and postoperative ophthalmic nerve injuries. Summary: The most important for healing process is exact removal of the foreign body and prophylaxis of infections. In addition to treatment, it is important to educate the patient in the prevention of this type of injury

Megacrysts of kyanite from Baranec Mt., Western Tatra Mountains, Slovakia

Large crystals of kyanite (<15 cm in size) occur in quartz segregations in Paleozoic gneissses on Baranec Mt., Western Tatra Mountains, northern Slovakia. Blue kyanite crystals coexist with quartz and plagioclase. The kyanite contains inclusions of apatite, monazite. gamet, rutile and biotite and overgrowths of retrograde sillimanite. muscovite and biotite. The kyanite crystals are the largest found up to now in the Tatra crystalline massif or in the other Western Carpathians crystalline cores. Kyanite. with the co-existing mineral assemblage, is indicative of a HP stage duiing Hercynian metamorphism of the Western Tatra Mountains

Rocky Sandstone Landforms in Istebna, Silesian Beskid (Outer Carpathians, Poland)

The rocky sandstone landforms, which are interesting geotouristic objects, occur in the eastern part of Istebna village. The series of rock walls and pulpits is located on the southern slopes of the Karolówka Range. Fragments of the upper sandstones of Istebna Formation (Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene) crop out within these rocks. They represent the period of intensive supply of the clastic material into the Outer Carpathian Silesian Basin leading to the origin of thick-bedded , very coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates. The occurrence of large, numerous crystalline rocks is a particular and unique feature of these outcrops. These magmatic and metamorphic rocks were derived from the basement of the Carpathian basins. This paper describes the detailed characteristics of these rocky landform objects

Intra-articular injections – current indications and contraindications

Szubstarski Mateusz, Sekuła Przemysław, Głodek Łukasz, Tarczyńska Marta, Gawęda Krzysztof, Mazur Rafał. Intra-articular injections – current indications and contraindications. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):907-916. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.995621 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4873 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. Intra-articular injections – current indications and contraindications Mateusz Szubstarski1, Przemysław Sekuła1, Łukasz Głodek1, Marta Tarczyńska1, Krzysztof Gawęda1, Rafał Mazur2 1 Medical University of Lublin, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lublin, Poland 2 Student, I Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin Mateusz Szubstarski M.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-8536 e-mail: [email protected] Przemysław Sekuła M.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0328-032X e-mail: [email protected] Łukasz Głodek M.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-4392 e-mail: [email protected] Marta Tarczyńska M.D , Ph.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-6230 e-mail: [email protected] Krzysztof Gawęda M.D. Ph.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-3343 e-mail: [email protected] Rafał Mazur2: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-5567, e-mail: [email protected] Address for correspondence: Mateusz Szubstarski [email protected] Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology SPSK 4 Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin Abstract Therapeutic intra-articular injections are becoming an increasingly popular treatment modality for osteoarthritis, in particular in its initial stage. The available literature provides varied reports on the efficacy of drugs being administered directly into the joint cavity. This results from inconsistent research methods and assessment criteria. There is considerable controversy as to the best therapeutic approach in everyday clinical practice. The aim of this paper was to present synthetically information and research results concerning the use of selected therapeutic agents in intra-articular injection treatment. The collected data is supposed to facilitate adjusting treatment strategies to patients' individual needs. Keywords: intra-articular injections, synovial fluid, join