Genetic variation of cowslip [Primula veris L.] populations [West Poland]

Genetic variation of twelve Polish populations of Primula veris L. from western Poland was investigated in respect of six enzyme systems: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), diaphorase (DIA), menadione reductase (MNR), formate dehydrogenase (FDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Only two of them (6PGD and DIA) were polymorphic and all populations were compared according to four loci and eight alleles. For 6PGD only one out of the two detected loci (locus 6PGD-2) was polymorphic and consisted of three alleles a, b and c. For DIA each of two detected loci had two alleles. For 6PGD-2 one population was monomorphic and four populations were monomorphic for DIA-1 and DIA-2. The rest of the populations were polymorphic with low frequency of heterozygotes. The low heterozygosity level, found in the examined populations, was confirmed by high values of the fixation index (F). The level of genetic differentiation among GST populations specified for each polymorphic loci, was equal to 0.045 for 6PGD-2 and had the value of 0.078 for DIA-2 and 0.186 for DIA-1. Nm value for polymorphic loci was 1.10 for DIA-1 and 2.94 for DIA-2, and for 6PGD-2 was 5.33, what indicates some gene flow between the examined populations. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of genotype frequencies showed that the populations were divided into two groups, however the most southern population No. 2 was clearly similar to the northern population No. 8

Skład związków fenolowych w nostrzyku lekarskim (Melilotus officinalis) w porównaniu z nostrzykiem białym (Melilotus alba) określona metodą dwukierunkowej chromatografii cienkowarstwowej (2D TLC) i jego znaczenie taksonomiczne

Two closely related species: Melilotus alba and M. officinalis were compared in respect to chromatographically separated and visualized flavonoids. Several compounds were common for both species. Taking into account that phenolic compounds are genetically strictly controlled and not sensitive to environmental influences, the presence of characteristic compounds for each species confirmed their taxonomic values and differences.Dwa blisko spokrewnione gatunki: Melilotus alba i M. officinalis porównano pod względem obecności związków fenolowych. Część z nich okazała się wspólna dla obu gatunków. Biorąc pod uwagę, że związki fenolowe są ściśle kontrolowane genetycznie, a ich skład w roślinie nie podlega wpływom środowiska, obecność plam charakterystycznych dla każdego z gatunków potwierdza ich odrębność taksonomiczną

Polimorfizm enzymatyczny peroksydazy (EC 1.11.1.7), dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (EC 1.15.1.1), i esterazy (EC 3.1.1.1) u życicy trwałej Lolium perenne L. odmiany Sollen

Życica trwała Lolium perenne L. jest trawą wysoce obcopylną. Z faktem tym łączy się jej duża zmienność genetyczna objawiająca się wysokim polimorfizmem enzymatycznym. Polimorfizm enzymatyczny u życicy badano w ostatnich latach bardzo intensywnie włączając wiele układów enzymatycznych takich jak: PGI, GOT, APH, IDH, PGM, MDH, 6-PGD, SKDH, a omijając peroksydazę. Peroksydaza (PX) i dysmutaza ponadtlenkowa (SOD) zostały włączone do badań nad życicą trwałą dopiero w ostatnich latach. Przedstawione w tej pracy wyniki dotyczą zmienności trzech układów enzymatycznych (PX, SOD, EST) w potomstwie pojedynczych roślin życicy trwałej odmiany Solen. Każda grupa roślin zaliczana do potomstwa traktowana była jak osobna populacja. Różnice między populacjami tychże potomstw scharakteryzowano częstościami enzymatycznych fenotypów.Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L., one of the most variable plant species, was intensively examined according to the following enzyme systems: PGI, GOT, APH, IDH, PGM, MDH, 6-PGD, SKDH. Peroxidase (PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were examined in ryegrass rather infrequently. In our work, three enzyme systems (PX, SOD and EST) were used as genetic tools for a description of variability within 10 populations of perennial reygrass cv. Solen composed of progenies of individual plants. Peroxidases are composed of one- or two - banded phenotypes with different frequency in each population. In SOD, three levels of enzyme activity have been found. The two faster migrating bands belong probably to separate loci: locus A with visible null alleles and monomorphic locus B; also locus C was monomorphic in the investigated populations. Esterase bands configuration indicates the presence of two loci, both polymorphic, found with different frequency of enzymatic phenotypes. From all results, the most interesting are the genotypes found in PX and SOD. Taking into account the importance of these enzyme systems in plants acting under different stress agents, the enzymes may serve as the markers in pure lines examinations

Intraspecific differentiation of reed grass Calamagrostis arundinacea [L.] Roth [Poaceae] populations revealed by peroxidase allozymes

The genetic Variation of Reed Grass Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth was investigated in 25 populations in various geographic regions of Poland. A total of 907 individuals were sampled for electrophoretic analysis of peroxidase loci (11 allozymes). Populations were characterised by genetic parameters e.g. heterozygosity level, Wright's fixation index (F) and polymorphism coefficient (Pg). Mean values of interpopulation variability level (GST=0.0310), total genetic diversity (HT=0.4102) and gene flow between populations (Nm=7.805) were also examined. All the populations were polymorphic and they remain in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

The variability of reed [Phragmites australis [Cav.] Trin. ex Steud. [Poaceae]] populations expressed in morphological traits of panicles

Using a transect technique, each of 12 reed Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud. populations collected in middle part of Odra River-basin, represented by more than 30 plants, were compared with 3 populations from other part of the country and 1 from France. Each panicle was examined according to 15 morphological traits. Results of measurements were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance, to analysis of canonical variables and used for construction of a minimum spanning tree (= dendrite) on the basis of the shortest Mahalanobis distances. The obtained results indicate that populations are generally similar. One population from France (Orleans) shows visible separateness. It may suggest that morphological traits of panicles may be useful in investigations of the reed P. australis populations of a larger geographical distribution

Paper chromatography of anthocyanins in two species of Aconitum from the Tatry .Mts.: A. variegatum (L.) Rchb., and A. napellus ssp. skerisorae (Gayer) Seitz.

The results of studies on phenolic compounds occurence and variation in the two Aconitum species were reported in our previous paper (Szweykowski, Krzakowa, 1977a and b). A modified extraction method allowed us to get additional data on anthocyanin variation in flowers of the same species. In addition one albino plant of A. variegatum was also investigated in this respect