Virtual forests: a review on emerging questions in the use and application of 3D data in forestry

Digital 3D technologies are emerging methods for recording and visualizing forests. Therefore, it is not surprising that these technologies have seen many applications and developments in recent years. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of existing 3D technologies within the context of forestry and how they interact with users and stakeholders. We present a summary of the requirements, visualization, and application of virtual forests. This includes an overview of state-of-the-art 3D reconstruction and visualization tools, which have seen a major increase in interest in the past few years, as evidenced by a preliminary analysis on research keywords. Based on the reviewed studies, we present the current trend and emerging questions, as well as challenges in the field of virtual forests. Further, we discuss the identified trends and challenges related to data acquisition, along with existing and potential future interactions between the 3D data and more specific demands from the forestry sector. We conclude that the use of digital 3D data in forestry is on the rise and that such novel methods show great potential and merit further attention.ISSN:1494-2119ISSN:1913-222

Virtual forests : a review on emerging questions in the use and application of 3D data in forestry

Digital 3D technologies are emerging methods for recording and visualizing forests. Therefore, it is not surprising that these technologies have seen many applications and developments in recent years. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of existing 3D technologies within the context of forestry and how they interact with users and stakeholders. We present a summary of the requirements, visualization, and application of virtual forests. This includes an overview of state-of-the-art 3D reconstruction and visualization tools, which have seen a major increase in interest in the past few years, as evidenced by a preliminary analysis on research keywords. Based on the reviewed studies, we present the current trend and emerging questions, as well as challenges in the field of virtual forests. Further, we discuss the identified trends and challenges related to data acquisition, along with existing and potential future interactions between the 3D data and more specific demands from the forestry sector. We conclude that the use of digital 3D data in forestry is on the rise and that such novel methods show great potential and merit further attention.Peer reviewe

Structure–Activity Relationships and Transcriptomic Analysis of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors

To evaluate the differences in action of commercially available 2-oxoglutarate mimetics and “branched-tail” oxyquinoline inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF PHD), the inhibitors’ IC50 values in the activation of HIF1 ODD-luciferase reporter were selected for comparative transcriptomics. Structure–activity relationship and computer modeling for the oxyquinoline series of inhibitors led to the identification of novel inhibitors, which were an order of magnitude more active in the reporter assay than roxadustat and vadadustat. Unexpectedly, 2-methyl-substitution in the oxyquinoline core of the best HIF PHD inhibitor was found to be active in the reporter assay and almost equally effective in the pretreatment paradigm of the oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro model. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the signaling pathways induced by HIF PHD inhibitors showed high potency of the two novel oxyquinoline inhibitors (#4896-3249 and #5704-0720) at 2 μM concentrations matching the effect of 30 μM roxadustat and 500 μM dimethyl oxalyl glycine in inducing HIF1 and HIF2-linked pathways. The two oxyquinoline inhibitors exerted the same activation of HIF-triggered glycolytic pathways but opposite effects on signaling pathways linked to alternative substrates of HIF PHD 1 and 3, such as p53, NF-κB, and ATF4. This finding can be interpreted as the specificity of the 2-methyl-substitute variant for HIF PHD2