Den mangfoldige koordinatorrollen : en kvalitativ studie om rollen som koordinator i arbeid med individuell plan

Masteroppgave velferdsstudier- Universitetet i Agder, 2014Hensikten med studiet er å få frem de erfaringer helse og sosialfagarbeidere ansatt i kommunal sektor har gjort seg i arbeid med koordinering av individuell plan. Mennesker med rus – og psykiske vansker har sammensatte problembelastninger og en sentral utfordring på rus- og psykiatrifeltet dreier seg om å etablere sammenhengende, helhetlige tjenester for denne brukergruppen. Kommunene har et stort ansvar når det gjelder å legge til rette for koordinerte tjenestetilbud. En koordinator vil i denne prosessen ha en sentral rolle som en brobygger på tvers av ulike tjenester og etater. Dette er en viktig rolle som fremstår som et bindeledd mellom brukeren og det øvrige tjenesteapparatet, et apparat som kan til tider virke delt og fragmentert. Studien har et kvalitativt design, og er basert på intervjuer av syv helse og sosialfagarbeidere ansatt i en kommunal oppfølgingstjeneste. Intensjon er å kartlegge hvilke erfaringer har informantene gjort seg i forhold til den praktiske utførelsen av koordinatorfunksjonen og identifisere utfordringer med det mål om å komme nærmere en avklaring hvorfor rollen oppfattes som uklar og omfattende. Analysen er delt inn i fire hovedtema: kompetanse, tverrfaglig samarbeid, koordinatorrollen og organisatoriske rammer som til sammen utgjør funnene i denne oppgaven. Jeg har valgt å bruke rolleteori i denne oppgaven i forhold til tolkning av funnene. Gjennomgang av analysen viste at det er flere faktorer ved rollen som ansatte opplevde som utfordrende. Ulik kompetansegrunnlag, lite synlig tema på arbeidsplassen, og ingen oppskrift på gjennomføring av rollen gjør at ansatte tolker rollen forskjellig. Individuell plan som arbeidsverktøy ble også beskrevet som lite brukt. Samarbeid med både første - og andrelinjetjenesten byr på potensiale om forbedring. Sett i lys av funnene vil det i det videre arbeid etter min mening være helt sentralt å arbeide mot en formalisering av rollen gjennom en obligatorisk opplæring eller kompetanseheving. Videre bør denne arbeidsformen kvalitetssikres slik at den fremstår mer anerkjent og solid

Development and application of a numerical simulation system to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic heat fluxes on urban boundary layer climate

Increasing economic development, and growing population, generated during the last decades a very important growth of cities. Urban regions include nowadays more than half of the global population and, by 2030, this proportion is forecasted to increase to three quarters. A consequent more and more extensive use of natural resources, together with increasing anthropogenic activities such as emissions from traffic and factories, or heating from air-conditioning facilities, modify local climate in many different ways, leading to a progressive degradation of life quality in urban areas. Taking these facts into account, there is nowadays a real need for efficient urban planning guidelines and sustainability policies in order to improve life quality in urban areas. Different points should be considered including urban warming, air pollution, human health, economic, and cooling energy needs. The present work goes in this direction, aiming at developing a simulation system for the study of the complex interactions between buildings and the atmosphere. The system of equations describing atmospheric flows is highly non linear and it is common to employ numerical techniques in order to solve them. Moreover, the representation of urban canopy climate, and related air pollution problems, requiree taking the interaction between urban scale (tens of kilometers), and mesoscale (hundreds of kilometers) processes into account. At first, starting from previous studies, a mesoscale meteorological model has been developed as part of this work. Urban induced processes have been considered by implementing inside the model a detailed urban parameterization scheme developed in a previous work. The scheme is able to capture different urban processes, and reproduces the effects of cities in a more accurate way than traditional methods usually used in mesoscale models. However, the heat generated in buildings, and the way this heat is exchanged with the exterior, was not explicitly resolved. In particular, recent studies indicated that anthropogenic heat from air-conditioning facilities can play an important role and should be taken into account for more complete urban climate studies. To this purpose, a Building Energy Model (BEM) has been developed, and coupled to the Urban Canopy Parameterisation (UCP). This building model takes into account the diffusion of heat through walls, roofs, and floors, the natural ventilation, the generation of heat from occupants and equipments, and the consumption of energy through air conditioning systems. Comparisons with other programs indicate that BEM is able to accurately simulate the basic heat transfer phenomena, and to reproduce the heat fluxes exchanged between buildings and the atmosphere. In a second part of the work, the simulation system composed by the Mesoscale Model (MM), UCP, and BEM is tested with respect to one, and two-dimensional configurations. In particular, the impact of BEM on the meteorological variables is analyzed, as well as the efficiency of different urban warming countermeasures, and cooling energy demands control strategies. Two-dimensional results are then utilized as guidance for the application of MM-UCP-BEM over the realistic configuration including the city of Basel and the surrounding areas. At first, comparisons of urban and rural simulated temperatures with measures provided by the BUBBLE project (Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment), have shown that the model could reasonably well reproduce the variations in outdoor air temperature. In a second time, the simulations considered for the two-dimensional configuration are applied to the case of Basel. Numerical results confirm that anthropogenic fluxes from air-conditioning facilities can have a non negligent impact on the urban meteorology. Typically, they modify the outdoor temperature and increase the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. In the last part of the study, the applicability of the model in performing urban warming countermeasures, and cooling energy demands control strategies, is evaluated. In this purpose in mind, a sensitivity analysis is carried out indicating that appropriate physical properties of built materials, efficient air-conditioning systems, and the application of simple energy saving policies, can lead to very important cooling energy savings. In general, the application of BEM inside the UCP allows computing the heat released into the atmosphere by air-conditioning facilities, as well as the corresponding feedbacks produced on the different meteorological variables. It also increases the capability of the urban parameterisation to provide more detailed studies of urban warming countermeasures, and cooling energy demands in real cities

Open space typology of residential buildings in Ottoman civilization

Ovaj rad, prvenstveno, ima za cilj da obuhvati i analizira fenomen otvorenog prostora stambenih objekata Istočne civilizacije. Funkcija visokih zidova u Istočnoj civilizaciji predstavljala je zaokruživanje intimnog života obitelji i zadovoljenja vjerskih običaja. Zid nije bio samo u funkciji odvajanja, već je imao suprotnu ulogu, ulogu zbližavanja onih koji stanuju iza njega, a ujedno je omogućavao privatnost obitelji. Na osnovu analiza dolazimo do zaključka da je riječ o najautentičnijem otvorenom prostoru u pejzažu, koji je ujedno i nositelj lokalnog identiteta. Rezultati i istraživanje urbanog prostora su pokazali da sintezom teorijskog aspekta tretiranja otvorenog prostora stambenog objekta, otvoreni prostor predstavlja dio tradicije koji seže mnogo dublje od krugova Istočne civilizacije i ulazi u sferu analize područja u razdoblju Rimskog carstva.This work primarily aims to cover and analyse the phenomenon of open spaces in residential buildings of Eastern civilization. The function of the high walls in Eastern civilization was a rounding of intimate life of the family and satisfying of the religious customs. The wall not only had a function of a separation, but it had the opposite role, the role of convergence of those who lived behind it, and it also allowed the privacy of the family. Based on the analysis, conclusion was drawn that this was the most authentic open space in the landscape, which was also the bearer of local identity. The results and research of the urban area showed that by the synthesis of the theoretical aspects of the treatment of open space and inspection of all types of premises a conclusion can be drawn that open space, as part of the tradition, goes back much further than the circles of Eastern civilizations, and enters into the sphere of the analysis area during the period of the Roman Empire

Efficiency drivers in microfinance institutions

Masteroppgave i økonomi og administrasjon - Universitetet i Agder 2009This study attempts to identify drivers for efficiency in Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) and determine their effect on the overall cost-efficiency of MFIs. The study used cross sectional data of 377 MFIs from 74 countries. Multivariate regression analysis was applied in order to find the results. Operational expense to portfolio, operational expense to assets and cost per credit client were used as efficiency measurements, 13 hypotheses were proposed and 17 variables were studied. Our results revealed that all except for two variables had a significant effect on one or more of the efficiency measurements. Credit officer productivity, cost per employee, loan outstanding average and credit officer ratio had a strong significant effect on all measurements. Our findings suggest that MFIs should increase their credit officer productivity and decrease the personnel expenses per employee in order to increase the overall cost-efficiency. Moreover, the MFIs should put more of their staff into income generating activities. Our findings also indicate that the MFIs should focus on more costefficient operations to avoid increased average loan amount and mission drift. Performance pay had no significant effect on the MFIs overall efficiency, which indicates that the MFIs incentive schemes motivate other performance measures than cost-efficiency. Modified incentives schemes should be considered to improve the cost-efficiency of MFIs

Koncentracije elemenata u mišićnom tkivu dve vrste riba različitog trofičkog nivoa (uklija i štuka) u Dunavu kod Beograda

Industrijski i komunalni efluenti uzrok su visokih koncentracija nekih elemenata u rečnoj vodi. Procenjuje se da se u Srbiji oko 90% industrijskih otpadnih voda ispušta u vodotokove bez prethodne obrade. Koncentracije elemenata u tkivima riba pod uticajem su kako prisustva zagađenja staništa, tako i trofičkog položaja i veličine ribe. Koncentracije 15 elemenata analizirane su upotrebom ICP-OES u uzorcima mišićnog tkiva uklije i štuke uhvaćenih na ušću Save u Dunav, između oktobra 2011. i marta 2012. godine. Elementi Cd, Co, Li i Pb nisu detektovani u uzorcima. Jednofaktorska ANOVA je pokazala da postoje značajne razlike između mišićnog tkiva uklije i štuke u odnosu na koncentracije Ba, Cu, Fe i Zn. U mišićnom tkivu štuke, koja predstavlja piscivornu vrstu, detektovana je viša koncentracija Hg nego kod uklije, što ukazuje na biomagnifikaciju kroz lance ishrane, dok je kod uklije, kao obligatnog zooplanktivora, detektovana viša koncentracija Zn, što potvrđuje tendenciju negativne korelacije Zn sa trofičkim nivoom ribe. U mišiću uklije, od analiziranih elementa samo je kod Se uočena pozitivna korelacija sa totalnom dužinom tela (TL), dok je kod štuke uočena negativna korelacija Se sa težinom (W) i pozitivna korelacija koncentracije Al sa TL i W. Kod obe vrste ukupno je nađeno 20 korelacija (14 pozitivnih i 6 negativnih) između koncentracija elemenata u mišićnom tkivu. Kod uklije, najveći broj korelacija sa drugim elementima uočen je kod Mn i Sr. Kod štuke, pozitivna korelacija uočena je između Fe, Se i Zn, dok su sva tri elementa bila negativno korelisana sa Al, a Se i Zn pozitivno sa Mn i Sr

Koncentracije elemenata kod dve vrste riba sa različitim preferencijama staništa i ishrane (šaran i manić) u Dunavu kod Beograda

Akvatični ekosistemi se uobičajeno smatraju krajnjim recipijentima zagađenja toksičnim metalima, čiji izvori mogu biti prirodni ili, najčešće, antropogeni. Ova klasa zagađivača predstavlja značajnu pretnju za životnu sredinu i vrste koje žive u njoj, kao i potencijalnu pretnju za ljudsko zdravlje. Osim toksičnih elemenata, i elementi u tragovima, kao i esencijalni mikronutrijenti, mogu pokazivati toksična svojstva ako su prisutni u većim koncentracijama. Dunav je recipijent zagađenja oslobođenog oko industrijskih gradova koji se nalaze duž toka ove reke. Koncentracije metala u tkvima riba zavise od većeg broja faktora, među kojima veliki značaj imaju ishrana i stanište. Koncentracije 15 elemenata (Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Se, Sr i Zn) analizirane su upotrebom ICP-OES u uzorcima jetre i škrga jedinki šarana i manića uhvaćenih u Dunavu u blizini Beograda. Elementi Li, Ni i Pb nisu detektovani u uzorcima. Mann-Whitney U test je ukazao na postojanje značajne razlike između šarana i manića u odnosu na koncentracije nekoliko elemenata, i u jetri i u škrgama. PCA analiza je pokazala da šaran i manić formiraju dve odvojene grupe na osnovu koncentracije elemenata u analiziranim tkivima. Jetra šarana karakteriše se visokim koncentracijama Cd, Cu i Zn, a škrge visokom koncentracijom Zn, dok se kod manića i jetra i škrge karakterišu visokim koncentracijama As. U škrgama šarana detektovana je viša koncentracija Zn. Šaran živi na svim dubinama i preferira staništa sa gustom akvatičnom vegetacijom i potopljenim drvećem, a u pogledu ishrane predstavlja omnivornu vrstu koja konzumira i detritus. Odrasli manić je riba bentosa koj preferira kamenitu podlogu i oportunistički je predator. Različita ishrana šarana i manića može biti uzrok razlika u koncentracijama elemenata u jetri, dok razlike u preferencijama staništa mogu ukazati na razlike u škrgama

Dnevni naraštajni prstenovi u otolitima i stopa rasta juvenilnog inćuna, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758), u jugoistočnom Jadranu

Daily growth rate of juvenile anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758), was estimated in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea. Samples were taken by a commercial beach seine net and the size range of 100 sampled individuals was 5.0-6.8 cm total length. Age was estimated by counting growth increments of sagittal otoliths, which are formed with daily periodicity. Estimated ages were 41- 90 days and hatch date for each age class was back-calculated from the date of capture. The calculated instantaneous growth rate was 0.41 mm day-1. Fish size at metamorphosis from late larva to juvenile was estimated to 3.2 cm total length. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy’s growth function were L∞ = 10.41 and K = 3.36Dnevna stopa rasta juvenilnog inćuna, Engraulis encrasicolus (linnaeus, 1758), procijenjena je u jugoistočnom Jadranu. Uzorci su sakupljani komercijalnom obalnom mrežom potegačom, a raspon veličine kod 100 uzorkovanih jedinki iznosio je 5.0-6.8 cm ukupne dužine. dob je procijenjena brojenjem dnevnih naraštajnih prstenova na sagitalnim otolitima. Procijenjena starost kolebala je između 41- 90 dana, a nadnevak izvaljivanja ličinke za svaki starosni razred bio je naknadno izračunat prema datumu ulova. Izračunata trenutna stopa rasta iznosila je 0.41 mm dan -1. Veličina ribe za vrijeme metarmofoze iz kasnog stadija ličinke u juvenilni stadij procijenjena je na 3.2 cm ukupne dužine. Parametri u von Bertalanffy-jevoj jednadžbi rasta bili su L∞ = 10.41 i K = 3.36

Neobična pojava jaja inćuna (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758) u prosincu 2006. godine u Bokokotorskom zaljevu (Jadransko more)

Five anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758) eggs were caught during an ichthyoplankton survey in Boka Kotorska Bay (south Adriatic Sea) with a PairOVET (modified CalVet) plankton net on December 5th, 2006. Eggs were found at two sampling stations (42°28’30.24” N, 18°44’41.81” E and 42°29’30.23” N, 18°40’41.84” E). It is the third record of anchovy eggs in the winter months in the Adriatic Sea.Pet jaja brgljuna (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758) su uhvaćena tijekom istraživanja ihtioplanktona u Bokokotorskom zaljevu (južni Jadran) s PairOVET (izmijenjeni CalVet) i planktonskom mrežom 5. prosinca 2006. godine. Jaja su pronađena na dva mjesta uzorkovanja (42 ° 28’30 .24 “N, 18 ° 44’41 0,81” E i 42 ° 29’30 0,23 “N, 18 ° 40’41 0,84” E). Ovo je treći nalaz jaja brgljuna u zimskim mjesecima u Jadranu

Mapping differential elemental accumulation in fish tissues: importance of fish tissue sampling standardization

The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in the muscle, gills, liver and intestine of the wels catfish (Silurus glanis) from the Danube River were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The aim of the study was to determine whether in complex muscle/skin, gill filament/gill arch, proximal/distal liver and proximal/median/distal intestine samples, particular components differ in concentrations of the analyzed elements. Results indicated that there were no differences in the accumulation of different elements between the proximal and distal liver segments and between the proximal and median intestine sections. Conversely, elemental accumulation patterns in muscle and skin differed significantly. Significant differences were also observed between the gill arch and filaments, as well as between the distal and the two upper intestine sections. Findings indicated the importance of detailed reporting of tissue sampling, i. e. whether the skin was included in the muscle sample, as well as if the gill arch and filaments were analyzed together. Due to a potential bias that can be produced by different muscle/skin or gill arch/filament ratios included in the sample, we strongly recommend that they should not be analyzed together. Results of the present study might be of interest to the scientific community and stakeholders involved in aquatic ecosystem monitoring programs

Growth parameters of vimba bream (Vimba vimba) in the Danube River near Belgrade (Serbia).

Age, growth, and length-weight relationship of the vimba bream (Vimba vimba) were analysed on a sample of 43 individuals from a commercial catch, caught between March and May 2017 in the Danube River near Belgrade. Total body length of the sampled fish ranged from 26.3 to 34.5 cm, and body weight from 223 to 554 g. Age of the sampled fish, determined from scales, ranged from 5+ to 8+, with the largest percentage of individuals in the age class 6+. The regression coefficient of the length-weight relationship was b = 3.28, which indicates a positive allometry. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy function were L∞ = 543.82, K = 0.09, and t0 = -2.41. The estimated phi-prime growth performance index (') was 4.44. The Fulton’s condition factor ranged from 1.04 to 1.42, with the mean value of 1.23. The length-at-age was back-calculated with the method of Monastyrsky, and the greatest relative growth increment was observed during the first two years of life