Perioperative pain management and opioid-reduction in head and neck endocrine surgery: An American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section consensus statement

BACKGROUND: This American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) consensus statement focuses on evidence-based comprehensive pain management practices for thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Overutilization of opioids for postoperative pain management is a major contributing factor to the opioid addiction epidemic however evidence-based guidelines for pain management after routine head and neck endocrine procedures are lacking. METHODS: An expert panel was convened from the membership of the AHNS, its Endocrine Surgical Section, and ThyCa. An extensive literature review was performed, and recommendations addressing several pain management subtopics were constructed based on best available evidence. A modified Delphi survey was then utilized to evaluate group consensus of these statements. CONCLUSIONS: This expert consensus provides evidence-based recommendations for effective postoperative pain management following head and neck endocrine procedures with a focus on limiting unnecessary use of opioid analgesics

Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies

In the first part of this thesis early-type galaxies in Arp groups are examined to determine if any recent mergers have occurred. No unusual rotation curves are found to indicate a merger event in the four out of eleven early-type galaxies with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Minor axis rotation is another sign of peculiar kinematics and it too is not detected in the four galaxies with strong rotation and for which the slit positions are aligned along the major and minor axes. The average velocity dispersion of this sample of Arp galaxies is 7 \Sigma 4% lower than other early-type galaxies, but otherwise these galaxies appear to be indistinguishable from normal galaxies. The lack of strong emission lines indicates that these galaxies have not undergone recent star formation with the exception of two galaxies which are currently interacting with other members of their group. There is no strong evidence in these Arp groups of recent mergers. These results are in agreement with other au..

Evolution of elliptical galaxies

grantor: University of TorontoIn the first part of this thesis early-type galaxies in Arp groups are examined to determine if any recent mergers have occurred. No unusual rotation curves are found to indicate a merger event in the four out of eleven early-type galaxies with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Minor axis rotation is another sign of peculiar kinematics and it too is not detected in the four galaxies with strong rotation and for which the slit positions are aligned along the major and minor axes. The average velocity dispersion of this sample of Arp galaxies is 7 ± 4% lower than other early-type galaxies, but otherwise these galaxies appear to be indistinguishable from normal galaxies. The lack of strong emission lines indicates that these galaxies have not undergone recent star formation with the exception of two galaxies which are currently interacting with other members of their group. There is no strong evidence in these Arp groups of recent mergers. These results are in agreement with other authors who find that the occurrence of recent major merger events in compact groups is rare. The Fundamental Plane is a superior tool to either the Faber-Jackson or luminosity-size relation for the study of the luminosity and mass-to-light ratio evolution of early-type galaxies in clusters. Surface brightness selection effects will cause the Faber-Jackson relation to underestimate the luminosity evolution. These selection effects are clearly demonstrated for the cluster Abell 2390. Surface brightness selection effects will also affect the results derived from the luminosity-size relation but to a lesser degree. The Fundamental Plane analysis is insensitive to surface brightness selection effects and therefore produces reliable results. Comparing the Fundamental Planes of the Coma cluster, a nearby cluster, and Abell 2390, a distant cluster, we find the evolution in luminosity is DMBAB=- 0.54±0.11 . The mass-to-light ratios increase by 20+14-13% between Abell 2390 ('z' = 0.23) and Coma (' z' = 0.023). This weak evolution in mass-to-light ratio favours high formation redshifts for early-type galaxies in clusters. These results are consistent with those found by other authors. The results of this thesis support the formation of early-type galaxies at redshifts greater than 2, and seems to rule out any significant formation at redshifts less than 1.Ph.D

Perioperative pain management and opioid‐reduction in head and neck endocrine surgery: An American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section consensus statement

BACKGROUND: This American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) consensus statement focuses on evidence-based comprehensive pain management practices for thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Overutilization of opioids for postoperative pain management is a major contributing factor to the opioid addiction epidemic however evidence-based guidelines for pain management after routine head and neck endocrine procedures are lacking. METHODS: An expert panel was convened from the membership of the AHNS, its Endocrine Surgical Section, and ThyCa. An extensive literature review was performed, and recommendations addressing several pain management subtopics were constructed based on best available evidence. A modified Delphi survey was then utilized to evaluate group consensus of these statements. CONCLUSIONS: This expert consensus provides evidence-based recommendations for effective postoperative pain management following head and neck endocrine procedures with a focus on limiting unnecessary use of opioid analgesics