Learner strategies when listening to teacher talk in EMI settings

As English Medium Instruction (EMI) is becoming widespread in both secondary and higher educational settings, listening to the teacher speaking in English becomes an everyday task for many students who are taught mainstream curriculum subjects in their second language (L2). The strategies students use during such a listening task are of importance for teaching practitioners aiming to enhance learners’ comprehension of academic content in English. This mixed-methods study looks at L2 strategies used by EMI upper-secondary students (N = 20) of B2-C2 Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) proficiency levels when listening to teacher talk. It explores which strategies learners use when they begin EMI, whether their strategies differ according to listening abilities, and whether strategies develop or change over a six-month period of EMI exposure. The data have been collected from a questionnaire, a lesson observation, and follow-up interviews at two time points. The findings show a wide variety of strategies and two most common strategy combinations deployed by the participants. No statistically significant correlation between strategy use and listening abilities has been found; however, differences in approaches to note-taking and summarisation/appropriation between participants with lower and higher listening abilities have been detected. Some development in strategy use over time has been recorded. The implications for teaching strategies are discussed

Cooperative Laboratory and Field Study to Investigate Effects of Wave and Current Action on Dual-Rocket Distributed Explosive Array Deployment

Source: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/A series of 2-D (flume) laboratory and field tests were conducted to examine effects of waves and currents on a simulated dual-rocket distribution explosive array deployment (DRDEAD) system. The DRDEAD system consists of a large array of explosive material which can be deployed by rockets launched from Navy vessels across the surf zone in a mine-clearing operation. The U.S. Anny Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) Coastal Engineering Research Center's mid-scale 2-D facility was used to examine various wave conditions, methods of deployment, and anchoring systems for a simulated (inert) DRDEAD. Waves simulating sea state 3 conditions and lower (i.e., calm seas to 5-ft prototype waves) were used in the laboratory study. Laboratory tests indicated that sea state 3 will be a limiting condition for deployment of the array without additional weights or anchors. Field tests to assess effects of wave and current were conducted during the summer of 1992 at CERC's Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, North Carolina. Results of the field tests supported laboratory findings, but also indicated that longshore currents are likely to have equal or greater effects on the DRDEAD system and must be considered in the final design