Developing a conceptual relationship between web service supply chain entities

Globalization has led to a new class of service apart from the services that are offered offline and semionline (in which case part of the service transactions are online and part of it offline) as a result of collaboration of static entities resulting in static service supply chains. The advent of enablers like Service Oriented Architecture and development of web service applications has enabled online / dynamic service supply chain networks (SSCNs) formed by dynamic collaboration of many serving entities. The entities in web SSCNs are interdependent and the performance of one entity impacts the performance of other entities as well as overall performance of service network. It is important to study the relationship and dependency between each entity of web SSCNs. Once the relationship is identified, it will help in devising some composite performance indicator for the entire service supply chain considering the interests of service providers and clients. We take a scenario based illustration of such online service supply chains to show the feasibility of the concept© 2011 IEEE

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal of Nanoparticles Based Adsorbent Using <i>Danio rerio</i> as Model

Nanoparticles are potential candidates for wastewater treatment especially for the removal of heavy metals due to their strong affinity. Many biopolymers are used as adsorbents and encapsulation of nanoparticle onto them can increase their efficiency. In this study, SPIONs, alginate, and SPIONs incorporated on alginate beads have been synthesized and characterized both microscopically and spectroscopically. These were then used for the removal of chromium metal and the percentage of removal was evaluated using a batch adsorption study. The percent removal of chromium using SPIONs, alginate and alginate–SPIONs beads were recorded to be 93%, 91% and 94%, respectively. The adsorption of chromium using SPIONs and alginate–SPIONs beads followed the Tempkin isotherm, whereas adsorption of chromium metal by alginate beads was found to be homogeneous in nature and followed the Langmuir isotherm with an R2 value of 0.9784. An in-vivo study using Danio rerio as a model organism was done to examine the toxicity and the removal efficiency of the samples. It was observed that chromium water treated with alginate–SPIONs beads, which were removed after water treatment showed less damage to the fishes when compared to SPIONs and alginate beads treated with chromium water where the SPIONs and alginate beads were not removed after the treatment period