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Classification of the FRW universe with a cosmological constant and a perfect fluid of the equation of state
We systematically study the evolution of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW)
universe coupled with a cosmological constant and a perfect fluid
that has the equation of state , where and denote,
respectively, the pressure and energy density of the fluid, and is an
arbitrary real constant. Depending on the specific values of ,
and the curvature of 3-dimensional space, we separate all of the solutions
into various cases. In each case the main properties of the evolution are given
in detail, including the periods of deceleration and/or acceleration, and the
existence of big bang, big crunch, and big rip singularities. In some cases,
errors in classification and interpretation appearing in standard textbooks
have been corrected.Comment: revtex4, 24 figure