Йосиф Конрадович Пачоський: історіографія проблеми

Проаналізовано наукові, науково-популярні, публіцистичні, літературні джерела щодо біографії і наукової діяльності Й.К. Почоського, розділені на три періоди: перший — дореволюційний період вивчення життєвого шляху та наукової діяльності вченого (1882—1917), другий — радянський (1917—1989), третій — сучасний (1989 р.). Окрім вітчизняних, висвітлено праці дослідників із Польщі.Проанализированы научные, научно-популярные, публицистические, литературные источники по биографии и научной деятельности И.К.Пачоского, разделенные на три периода: первый — дореволюционный период изучения жизненного пути и научной деятельности ученого (1882—1917), второй советский (1917—1989), третий — современный (с 1989 г. ). Кроме отечественных, освещены работы исследователей из Польши.The paper contains analysis of scientific, popular-scientific, publicistic and literary sources on the scientific biography of I.K. Pachosky, divided in the three periods: first — pre-revolutionary (1882—1917), second — soviet (1917—1989), third — contemporary (1989 and on). Apart from national scientists, works of scientists from Poland also included

Use of Single-Injection Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine to Protect Nonhuman Primates Against Lethal Nipah Virus Disease

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes high case-fatality rates (CFRs) in humans. Two NiV strains have caused outbreaks: the Malaysia strain (NiVM), discovered in 1998–1999 in Malaysia and Singapore (≈40% CFR); and the Bangladesh strain (NiVB), discovered in Bangladesh and India in 2001 (≈80% CFR). Recently, NiVB in African green monkeys resulted in a more severe and lethal disease than NiVM. No NiV vaccines or treatments are licensed for human use. We assessed replication-restricted single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis vaccine NiV vaccine vectors expressing the NiV glycoproteins against NiVB challenge in African green monkeys. All vaccinated animals survived to the study endpoint without signs of NiV disease; all showed development of NiV F Ig, NiV G IgG, or both, as well as neutralizing antibody titers. These data show protective efficacy against a stringent and relevant NiVB model of human infection

Durability of a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Marburg Virus Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates

<div><p>The filoviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus, causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans and nonhuman primates. A promising filovirus vaccine under development is based on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses individual filovirus glycoproteins (GPs) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). These vaccines have shown 100% efficacy against filovirus infection in nonhuman primates when challenge occurs 28–35 days after a single injection immunization. Here, we examined the ability of a rVSV MARV-GP vaccine to provide protection when challenge occurs more than a year after vaccination. Cynomolgus macaques were immunized with rVSV-MARV-GP and challenged with MARV approximately 14 months after vaccination. Immunization resulted in the vaccine cohort of six animals having anti-MARV GP IgG throughout the pre-challenge period. Following MARV challenge none of the vaccinated animals showed any signs of clinical disease or viremia and all were completely protected from MARV infection. Two unvaccinated control animals exhibited signs consistent with MARV infection and both succumbed. Importantly, these data are the first to show 100% protective efficacy against any high dose filovirus challenge beyond 8 weeks after final vaccination. These findings demonstrate the durability of VSV-based filovirus vaccines.</p></div

Vaccine and study design.

<p>(A) Diagram of the rVSV-MARV-GP genome used in the study design shown in B. (B) Diagram with sample days shown below (arrows), arrow head above depicting day of vaccination (-400), and * depicting the day of challenge (0).</p

Reciprocal MARV GP serum neutralizing antibody titers at which 50% of rVSV-MARV-GP was neutralized.

<p><b><u>*</u></b>; Succumbed to MARV challenge.</p><p>n.d.; No data.</p>a<p>Days after MARV challenge.</p>b<p>Day 28 post rVSV-MARV-GP vaccination.</p>c<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094355#pone-0094355-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for Terminal sample day of animals with a <u>*</u>; all others are from Day 28.</p

Circulating anti-MARV GP IgG and survival of vaccinated and control groups.

<p>(A) An ELISA was performed to measure the mean reciprocal titer of circulating anti-MARV GP IgG for each individual in the vaccinated cohort over the course of the 13 months before MARV challenge -407 to -8 and circulating anti-MARV GP IgG on the day of challenge (0) and days post-challenge for the non-vaccinated controls (red) and vaccinated cohort (top 6 in legend). Error bars represent standard deviation of samples in triplicate. (B) The average, over 13 months post-vaccination, mean reciprocal titer of circulating anti-MARV GP IgG before MARV challenge for each individual in the vaccinated cohort. Numerical value of average mean reciprocal titer displayed above individual bars in graph. Lowest average titer underlined. (C) Kapplan-Meier survival curve for the non-vaccinated control (red, n = 2)) and vaccinated groups (black, n = 6).</p

Clinical findings and viremia for NHPs challenged with MARV.

a<p>Days after MARV challenge are in parentheses. Fever is defined as a temperature more than 2.5^OF over baseline or at least 1.5^OF over baseline and ≥103.5^OF. Moderate rash refers to petechiae coverage of more than 20% of the skin. Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are defined by a ≥35% drop in numbers of lymphocytes and platelets, respectively. (ALP) alkaline phosphatase, (AST) aspartate aminotransferase, (BUN) blood urea nitrogen, (GGT) gamma glutamyltransferase: 2- to 3-fold increase,→; 4- to 5-fold increase, →→; >5 fold increase, →→→.</p>b<p>No symptoms observed.</p>c<p>Clinical scores in bold type with day of score in parentheses. Clinical scores were recorded each day post-challenge for each animal using a scoring system based on dyspnea, depression, recumbency, and rash. A clinical score ≥9 was the criteria for euthanasia per IACUC protocol.</p>d<p>Days after MARV challenge are in parentheses. Viral load for each MARV positive day is depicted as: log₁₀ PFU/ml<b>/</b>qRT-PCR positive (+) or negative (−). +, ≤5 log₁₀; ++, ≥6 log₁₀; +++, ≥7 log_10.</p