LDPC Codes Which Can Correct Three Errors Under Iterative Decoding

In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a column-weight-three LDPC code to correct three errors when decoded using Gallager A algorithm. We then provide a construction technique which results in a code satisfying the above conditions. We also provide numerical assessment of code performance via simulation results.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), 200

A theory of electric and magnetic birefringence in liquids

This article does not have an abstract

On the diffraction of light by spherical obstacles

The diffraction of light inside the shadow, thrown by a small source of light, of a sphere and a circular disc of the same diameter, was studied, with special reference to the relative intensities of the central bright spots. With the source at about 2 metres from the obstacles, with a quarter-inch polished steel ball, the bright spot could be detected visually up to 3 cm. behind the obstacle, while with a steel disc of the same diameter, with the edges perfectly sharp, smooth and circular, the spot could be traced up to 2 cm. The relative intensities of the two spots were studied at different distances behind the obstacles, qualitatively by photography and quantitatively by visual photometry. At small distances behind the obstacles, the spot inside the shadow of the sphere is much feebler than the disc-spot, however approximating to the latter as we reach farther back from the obstacles, but even at 100 cm. remaining appreciably feebler. A general explanation is suggested

Molten-globule state of carbonic anhydrase binds to the chaperone-like α-crystallin

α-Crystallin, a multimeric protein, exhibits chaperone-like activity in preventing aggregation of several proteins. We have studied the chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin toward heat-induced aggregation of bovine and human carbonic anhydrase. Human carbonic anhydrase aggregates at 60°C, while bovine carbonic anhydrase does not aggregate significantly at this temperature. Removal of the enzyme-bound metal ion, Zn2+, by EDTA modulates the aggregation behavior of bovine carbonic anhydrase. Fluorescence and circular dichroism studies show that removal of the metal ion from the bovine carbonic anhydrase by a chelator such as EDTA enhances the propensity of the enzyme to adopt the molten-globule state. α-Crystallin binds to this state of the enzyme and prevents aggregation. Fluorescence and circular dichroism studies on the α-crystallin-enzyme complexes show that the enzymes in the complex are in the molten-globule state. These results are of relevance to the interaction of chaperones with the partially unfolded states of target proteins

MURCS association with absent hand and unusual vertebral anomaly

Mullerian duct aplasia, Renal aplasia and Cervicothoracic Somite dysplasia (MURCS association) is a developmental field defect, diagnosed if both aplasia/hypoplasia of the Mullerian duct, renal agenesis/ectopy and anomalies of the cervicothoracic somites are present. We report a case of MURCS Association with the above features, absent hand, T12 Hemi vertebra and an exophytic bony outgrowth from C5 vertebra. An exophytic bony projection from the spinous process of C5 vertebra, presenting as a swelling over the neck has not been described previously as a skeletal malformation in MURCS Association. Absent hand as a skeletal malformation in MURCS association was not seen in the earlier literature. This case is reported since it adds to the wide spectrum of anomalies associated with MURCS association and helps in distinguishing MURCS association from the syndromes which may show overlap.

Efficacy of cognitive pragmatic treatment on theory of mind functioning, quality of life and reduction of symptom severity in adults with schizophrenia

Objective: Schizophrenia is a severely debilitating disorder characterized by heterogeneous psychopathology, it impacts an individual’s subjective well-being, pragmatic communication skills, and cognitive functioning. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive pragmatic treatment (CPT), an evidence-based group intervention program, on theory of mind (ToM) functioning, quality of life (QoL), and symptom severity of disorder in adults with schizophrenia. Methods: One hundred individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were chosen and randomly split into two groups, as control group (n=25) and experimental group (n=75). Experimental group received CPT for 3 months, while the control group got only routine psychiatric care. The individuals were assessed for symptom severity of the disorder, ToM functioning and QoL before and after the intervention. 3-months post-intervention, a follow-up evaluation was carried out. The data were analysed using both parametric as well as nonparametric statistics. Results: The results of two-way Repeated Measure ANOVA found statistically significant differences between groups as well as tests (p<0.001) and between groups and their interaction with the tests (p<0.001). Experimental post-test as well as follow-up evaluation showed significant improvement in reducing the symptom severity of the disorder, improvement in ToM functioning and QoL compared to control group Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that cognitive pragmatic treatment as evidence-based intervention can improve theory of mind functioning, as well as QoL of individuals with schizophrenia, by reducing the symptom severity

The electrical polarity of molecules

On attempting to correlate the electrical double-refraction (Kerr effect) of gases and vapours which has been measured by Leiser, Hansen and Szivessy, with the optical anisotropy of the molecules determined from observations on light-scattering, it is found that electrically polar molecules generally exhibit a Kerr effect which is very large in relation to their optical anisotropy. This indicates that the orientative action of the field on the molecule in such cases is chiefly due to the permanent electric doublet present in it, and is much larger than would be the case if the molecules were non-polar. In the case of molecules having an axis of optical symmetry to which the electric doublet is parallel, or is inclined at some known angle, it is possible to calculate the permanent electric moment from the value of the Kerr constant and the constant of depolarisation of the scattered light. Conversely, if the moment is known, the inclination of the electric doublet to the optic axis can be found. For example, in the case of the simple dipole molecule HCl, we may assume the optic axis to be parallel to the doublet