Effect of rotation and magnetic field in the gyroscopic precession around a neutron star

We study the overall spin precession frequency of a test gyroscope around a neutron star. The precession of the test gyroscope gives the signatures of the general relativistic effects that are present in the region of strong gravity of an NS. Using a numerical code, we find the precession of the test gyroscope for a rotating and a strongly magnetized neutron star. The magnetic field distribution inside the neutron star is assumed either to be poloidal or toroidal. The overall spin precession rate is obtained by setting the orbital frequency of the gyroscope to a non-zero value but restricted to a time-like observer. The gyro frequency differs depending on the central object being a black hole or a neutron star. For neutron star, the gyro precession can even be calculated inside the star. We find that the gyroscope precession frequency depends on the stars mass, rotation rate, and magnetic field configuration.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figure

Flexible Pavement Thickness (A Comparative Study Between Standard and Overloading Condition)

The ability of a pavement structure in carrying out its function reduces in line with the increase of traffic load, especially if there are overloaded heavy vehicle passing through the road. Most of the road pavement is designed considering the legal load limit of the vehicles. But that may not be the actual condition and most of the transport enterprenures want to minimize the transport cost making the heavy vehicles overloaded. The impact of overloaded truck traffic includes economic, social and environmental losses. In this study, the effect of overloaded vehicles on the road pavement thickness was analyzed using the AASHTO 1993. Traffic load (ESAL) and Structural Number (SN) were calculated on standard and overloading conditions. The difference due to overloading condition was also presented. Study was done taking the traffic data on Narayanghat-Mugling road (AH42) segment which is a link between Prithvi Highway and East-West Highway, located in Chitawan district of Narayani zone, state 3, Nepal in which the composition of traffic seen to be 83.76% heavy vehicles, 9.18% Medium vehicles and 7.05% light vehicle. The presence of overloaded vehicles, particularly heavy vehicles resulted in traffic load (W18) value found to be greater than that of standard condition. The impact of overload conditions on the road pavement showed increase in the layer thickness than that of thickness at the legal axle load limit. From the results, it can be concluded that overloaded vehicles on the road are very influential to the reduction in pavement service life and require higher thickness. For S-N direction, the pavement thickness seems to be increased upto 22.81% due to overloading with respect to standard condition, while for the opposite direction; the thickness seems to be more than sufficient in standard condition. The total pavement thickness required for overloaded condition seemed to be 43.25 inch in which 30.735 inch subbase, 7.797 inch base and 4.718 inch bituminous wearing course but in standard condition total thickness required seemed to be 36.856 inch with 26.659 inch subbase, 6.355 inch base and 3.842 inch bituminous wearing course. Road infrastructure is used by various types of vehicles among which heavy vehicles imposes the most critical loading, causing damage in pavement structure, which ultimately leads to an increased maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, it is expected that road users to comply with existing regulations in the conduct of transportation

Plant protection measures to promote organic farming in Nepal: prospects and challenges

Organic farming is a production system that relies on ecosystem management rather than external agricultural inputs to sustain the health of soils, ecosystem and organisms. This needs enough organic plant protection measures and biological fertilizers by eliminating synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. An attempt was made to review current plant protection measures for organic farming in Nepal. Though some insect pests and diseases are very hard to control without the use of chemical pesticides, this is high time to produce agriculture products organically. There is ample prospect of organic production in Nepal utilizing traditional knowledge of Nepalese farmers and existing agri-biodiversity. The paper is focused on best utilization of local natural resources, indigenous knowledge and bio-control agents for plant protection in organic agriculture. The information related to organic plant protection measures are collected from various sources and are grouped. The authors have listed technologies on organic plant protection measures in Nepal and made some suggestions to improve the organic farming of the country

Antikonvulzivno djelovanje Schiffovih baza- derivata isatina

Schiff bases of N-methyl and N-acetyl isatin derivatives with different aryl amines have been synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activities against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole (ScMet). N-methyl-5-bromo-3-(p-chlorophenylimino) isatin 2 exhibited anticonvulsant activity in MES and ScMet with LD50 > 600 mg kg-1, showing better activity than the standard drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Thus, compound 2 may be chosen as a prototype for development of new anticonvulsants.Schiffove baze N-metil i N-acetil derivata izatina s različitim aromatskim aminima sintetizirane su i ispitane na sposobnost suzbijanja konvulzija uzrokovanih elektrošokom (MES) i subkutanom primjenom metrazola (ScMet). N-metil-5-bromo-3-(p-klorofenilimino) izatin 2 pokazao je nisku neurotoksičnost i jače antikonvulzivno djelovanje nego standardni antikonvulzivi fenitoin, karbamazepin i valproična kiselina. Zbog toga se spoj 2 može smatrati prototipom za razvoj novih antikonvulziva

An Overture for eCAM: Science, Technology and Innovation Initiation for Prosperous, Healthy Nepal

Nepal the “Shangri-La” in the lap of the Himalayas is gearing up for modern times as it starts rebuilding after a decade of senseless violence and destruction. The nation one of the poorest in the global development index is rich in natural resources and biodiversity. Reports of medicinal plants far exceeding those recorded and reported so far are encouraging and at the same time concerns for medicinal plants under threat as a result of overexploitation are emerging from Nepal. The harsh mountain terrains, lack of industrialization and harnessing potentiality of its areas of strength; water; natural resources and tourism make it poor in per capita income which averages ~ 300 US$, with half the population living under >1$ a day. Nepal is beginning to realize that the way ahead is only possible through the path of Science and Technology (ST). Nepal Academy of Science and Technology formerly known as Royal Academy of Science and Technology organized the fifth national conference held every 4 years that took place in the capital Kathmandu during November 10-12, 2008. The ST initiation event saw the participation of ~ 1400 people representing over 150 organizations from the country and experts from abroad. The theme for the fifth national meet was “Science, Technology and Innovation for Prosperous Nepal”. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) was an important theme in the event as the realization for the need of ST research focused in CAM for harnessing the chemo diversity potential was univocally approved

Antikonvulzivno djelovanje Schiffovih baza- derivata isatina

Schiff bases of N-methyl and N-acetyl isatin derivatives with different aryl amines have been synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activities against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole (ScMet). N-methyl-5-bromo-3-(p-chlorophenylimino) isatin 2 exhibited anticonvulsant activity in MES and ScMet with LD50 > 600 mg kg-1, showing better activity than the standard drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Thus, compound 2 may be chosen as a prototype for development of new anticonvulsants.Schiffove baze N-metil i N-acetil derivata izatina s različitim aromatskim aminima sintetizirane su i ispitane na sposobnost suzbijanja konvulzija uzrokovanih elektrošokom (MES) i subkutanom primjenom metrazola (ScMet). N-metil-5-bromo-3-(p-klorofenilimino) izatin 2 pokazao je nisku neurotoksičnost i jače antikonvulzivno djelovanje nego standardni antikonvulzivi fenitoin, karbamazepin i valproična kiselina. Zbog toga se spoj 2 može smatrati prototipom za razvoj novih antikonvulziva

Gender Dimensions of Food Security, the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty in Nepal

The right to food is the right to life. Ensuring food security for all the citizens and their food sovereignty is the responsibility of the State. Currently, the need for food security, especially for marginalized and oppressed sections of society, including women in Nepal, is inadequately addressed. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to examine the gender dimensions in food policies and programs in Nepal. The paper explores five dimensions of food security, the right to food and food sovereignty, and analyzes gender inclusivity in food policies and governance in particular, since the advent of the sixth periodic plan (1980-1984) that included gender issues for the first time in the planning history. The paper, employing qualitative methods, recognizes that ensuring food governance is not only essential for equitable food security and the right to food, but also to the process of transforming discriminatory cultural norms and values into equitable ones and strengthening the psychological well-being of women. This paper argues that exclusion of women from decision-making processes leads to their psychological disempowerment. Women’s participation in socio-cultural, economic, and political spheres directly impacts processes to identify and recognize their needs, preferences and priorities in food policies and programs. The article concludes, that since food security and the right to food impact women and men differently, a transformational process must respond to gender-differentiated interests, choices, preferences and entitlements. This paper proposes a framework to promote gender responsive food systems and concludes that gender responsive food policies, programs, institutional arrangements and behavioral change of individuals, families and communities are crucial to ensure the right to food for all