Efficacy of dietary chitosan on growth performance, haematological parameters and gut function in broilers

Percentages of antimicrobial resistance to Salmonella and Escherichia coli in poultry products were high in Thailand, thus, alternative to antibiotic growth promoter is required. The objective of this experiment aimed to examine the effect of dietary chitosan in broilers on blood and intestinal changes. Total of 392, day-old male Ross 308 broilers were allotted into four groups. Broilers in the control group (group 1) received commercial corn-soybean meal-based basal diet. Chicks in group 2 received basal diet supplemented with 200 ppm amoxicillin. Chitosan was added into the basal diet at 1 and 2 g/kg in groups 3 and 4, respectively. Data on growth performance as well as blood and digesta samples were collected on d 21 and 39. The results showed that 2 g/kg dietary chitosan significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 22-39 and 1-39 (p < .05). This level of chitosan also increased the ratio of villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) (p < .05) while decreased the CD (p < .05). The supplementation of 1 and 2 g/kg chitosan in diet tended to reduce the ammonia-nitrogen in colonic digesta. Furthermore, both levels of chitosan enhanced number of Bacillus spp. while decreased number of E. coli (p < .001) leading to increased ratio of Lactobacillus and E. coli (p < .001). There were no significant effects on the heterophil (H): lymphocyte (L) ratio and coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility. In conclusion, the supplementation of 2 g/kg chitosan in broiler diets could be used as an alternative additive to antibiotic with its improvement on gut function

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gynura divaricata (L.) on Growth Performance, Hematology, and Carcass Fat Deposition in Broilers

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Gynura divaricata (Jakr-Na-Rai, JNR) on the growth performance, hematology, and carcass fat deposition of broilers. A total of 240 male Cobb-500 birds, 22 d old, were randomly allocated into five treatment groups of six replicates. Each group was raised at a high stocking density of 28 kg of bodyweight/m2 until day 43. The treatments consisted of (i) a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with (ii) 2.5 mg/kg avilamycin (T2), (iii) JNR crude ethanol extract at a flavonoid level of 1.3 g/kg (T3), and (iv and v) JNR powder at a flavonoid level of 1.3 (T4) or 2.6 g/kg (T5). Dietary supplementation with JNR powder at both flavonoid levels decreased the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio compared to the other groups (P&lt;0.001). Birds in the T5 group presented decreased blood glucose (P&lt;0.005) and cholesterol (P&lt;0.002) levels and a numerically (P=0.056) decreased triglyceride level. The total bile acid concentration increased (P&lt;0.001) in all the JNR-fed groups, but there was no significant effect on the digestibility of ileal protein or fat. At 1.3 g/kg of diet, JNR increased the final bodyweight and feed intake (P&lt;0.05), but the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not different among groups. The carcass and abdominal fat percentages were lowest in chicks fed on the diets supplemented with 2.6 g/kg JNR powder (P&lt;0.007 and P&lt;0.025, respectively). Drip loss and malondialdehyde concentrations in the breast meat did not change. In conclusion, JNR powder improved several hematological parameters, increased total bile acid concentrations, and decreased the percentage of abdominal fat. The powder form of JNR elicited better results than the ethanol extract form at the same flavonoid inclusion level

Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Calyx in Laying Hen Diet on Egg Production Performance, Egg Quality and TBARS Value in Plasma and Yolk

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Roselle calyx in two preparation forms in layer diets on egg production performance, egg quality and TBARS value in plasma and yolk. Two hundred and seventy, 33-week-old, CP Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with 5 replications of 9 hens each. The dietary treatments were control diet, control diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg α-tocopheryl acetate, diet containing 1 and 2% of Roselle calyx crude extracts, and diet containing 2% and 4% Roselle calyx powder. Egg production performance was recorded, egg quality was measured and TBARS value in plasma and yolk were analyzed after fed experimental diets for 4 and 8 weeks. Yolk TBARS after storage for 10 and 20 days in refrigerator and room temperature were also determined. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in egg production performance and egg quality and TBARS value in plasma and yolk at the 4 th and 8 th week among treatment groups (p&gt;0.05). Roselle calyx tended to decrease TBARS value in yolk (p&gt;0.05) while TBARS value in yolk significantly increased when storage times increased (p&lt;0.01) in both storage methods. In conclusion, both forms and levels of Roselle had no adverse effect on egg production and egg quality. As an antioxidant, Roselle could not clearly show antioxidant activity. This may be due to the concentration of phenolic compound level in supplemented Roselle. Storage time was an important factor to decrease egg quality and increase TBARS value in yolk in both storage methods. P. et al. / Thai J Vet Med. 2011. 41(3): 337-344. Keywords บทคั ดย่ อ ผลการเสริ มกลี บเลี ้ ยงกระเจี ๊ ยบแดง (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) ในอาหารไก่ ไข่ ต่ อสมรรถภาพ การผลิ ตไข่ คุ ณภาพไข่ และค่ า TBARS ในเลื อดและไข่ แด

Microencapsulation of MB001 and its probiotic effect on growth performance, cecal microbiome and gut integrity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate

Objective Microencapsulation technologies have been developed and successfully applied to protect the probiotic bacterial cells damaged by environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum MB001 on the growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, jejunal histomorphology and cecal microbiome of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds). Treatments included, i) a basal diet (NC), ii) NC + avilamycin (10 mg/kg) (PC), iii) NC + non-encapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×108 colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg of diet) (N-LP), iv) NC + microencapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×108 CFU/kg of diet) (ME-LP). Results Dietary supplementation of ME-LP improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas ME-LP did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. Both N-LP and ME-LP improved apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and ether extract compared with NC group (p<0.05). The broilers fed ME-LP supplemented diet exhibited a beneficial effect on jejunal histomorphology of villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) of broilers compared to NC group (p<0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was enriched (p<0.05) and Proteobacteria was decreased (p<0.05) only in the ME-LP group. At the genus level, the ME-LP diets increased (p<0.05) the number of both Lactobacillus and Enterococcus compared to NC, PC, and N-LP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Microencapsulation assists the efficient functioning of probiotics. ME-LP could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of cecal microbiota, gut integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broilers

Effect of on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal bacterial population and intestinal morphology of suckling pigs challenged with F4 enterotoxigenic

Objective Gut health improvements were monitored with respect to growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal bacterial population and intestinal morphology of suckling pigs orally supplemented with live Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) oral suspensions and challenged with F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Methods Two groups of newborn pigs from 18 multiparous sows were randomly designated as non-supplemented (control: n = 114 piglets) and L. salivarius supplemented groups (treatment: n = 87 piglets). Treatment pigs were orally administered with 2 mL of 109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL L. salivarius on days 1 to 3, then they were orally administered with 5 mL of 109 CFU/mL L. salivarius on days 4 to 10, while those in control group received an equal amount of phosphate buffered saline solution. On day 24 (2 weeks post supplementation), one pig per replicate of both groups was orally administered with 108 CFU/mL F4+ ETEC, then they were euthanized on day 29 of experiment. Results Results revealed that pigs in treatment group had a statistically significant increase in average daily gain, body weight and weight gain, and tended to lower diarrhea throughout the study. Numbers of Lactobacillus population in feces of treatment pigs were higher than control pigs, especially on day 10 of study. Numbers of total bacteria in intestinal contents of control pigs were also increased, but not Coliform and Lactobacillus populations. Histological examination revealed statistically significant improvements of villous height and villous/crypt ratio of duodenum, proximal jejunum and distal jejunum parts of treatment pigs compared with controls. Duodenal pH of treatment group was significantly decreased. Conclusion Oral supplementation of live L. salivarius during the first 10 days of suckling pig promoted growth performance and gut health, reduced diarrhea incidence, increased fecal Lactobacillus populations and improved intestinal morphology

Effect of on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal bacterial population and intestinal morphology of suckling pigs challenged with F4 enterotoxigenic

Objective Gut health improvements were monitored with respect to growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal bacterial population and intestinal morphology of suckling pigs orally supplemented with live Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) oral suspensions and challenged with F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Methods Two groups of newborn pigs from 18 multiparous sows were randomly designated as non-supplemented (control: n = 114 piglets) and L. salivarius supplemented groups (treatment: n = 87 piglets). Treatment pigs were orally administered with 2 mL of 109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL L. salivarius on days 1 to 3, then they were orally administered with 5 mL of 109 CFU/mL L. salivarius on days 4 to 10, while those in control group received an equal amount of phosphate buffered saline solution. On day 24 (2 weeks post supplementation), one pig per replicate of both groups was orally administered with 108 CFU/mL F4+ ETEC, then they were euthanized on day 29 of experiment. Results Results revealed that pigs in treatment group had a statistically significant increase in average daily gain, body weight and weight gain, and tended to lower diarrhea throughout the study. Numbers of Lactobacillus population in feces of treatment pigs were higher than control pigs, especially on day 10 of study. Numbers of total bacteria in intestinal contents of control pigs were also increased, but not Coliform and Lactobacillus populations. Histological examination revealed statistically significant improvements of villous height and villous/crypt ratio of duodenum, proximal jejunum and distal jejunum parts of treatment pigs compared with controls. Duodenal pH of treatment group was significantly decreased. Conclusion Oral supplementation of live L. salivarius during the first 10 days of suckling pig promoted growth performance and gut health, reduced diarrhea incidence, increased fecal Lactobacillus populations and improved intestinal morphology

Key Success Factors for the Development of Innovative Antibiotic Replacement Products to Accelerate Growth in Broilers

The issue of drug-resistant bacteria and the ban on antibiotic growth has encouraged research into new additives for the broiler chicken industry, from the point of view of environmental, social, governance sustainability, and material sciences management. This study aimed to examine the newest innovative antibiotic replacement products using a mixed method of planning and development schemes. Firstly, the qualitative method was conducted to evaluate the voices of 15 key users to examine product composition through an engineering technique and the quality function deployment (QFD) method. A prototype was proposed, containing a combination of nutraceuticals, including medium-chain fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, oregano essential oil, and sweet basil essential oil, delivered in drinking water and as a feed additive through nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC) technology. The quantitative research summarized the compositions in terms of improving the growth performance of poultry, based on 280 responses. By using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the key factors of a successful antibiotic replacement are that they should be standardized and must follow regulations, be perceived as easy to use, satisfy performance expectations, address industry concerns, be innovative, offer an appropriate product and physical characteristics to the farm, and be presented alongside sales opportunities and marketing. It is concluded that such a hybrid of product development and innovation will lead to novel and appropriate products in the marketplace