Charakterisierung mariner Aerosole in der Deutschen Bucht sowie Prozessstudien zum Verhalten von Spurenmetallen beim Uebergang Atmosphaere/Meerwasser

Spezielle Probenahmetechniken wurden entwickelt und eingesetzt, um atmophaerische Schadstofffluesse im Bereich der suedlichen Nordsee zu bilanzieren und atmosphaerische Transport- und Depositionsvorgaenge zu untersuchen. In Kombination mit verschiedenen nachgeschalteten Analysenverfahren und problemorientierter Auswertung wurden die Aerosole hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und Herkunft sowie ihres Depositionsverhaltens charakterisiert. Die im Rahmen der Arbeit eingesetzten Probenahmetechniken umfassten die integrale Probenahme von Aerosolen in unterschiedlicher zeitlicher Aufloesung sowie weiterentwickelte gezielte Probenahme mit nach Transportrichtung getrennter Erfassung der Aerosole. Die Analyse der Inhaltsstoffe der Aerosolproben erfolgte nach entspechender Probenaufbereitung mit Hilfe atomspektrometrischer Methoden fuer kationische Bestandteile und mittels der Ionenchromatographie fuer Anionen. Die Ergebnisse der nach den verschiedenen Probenahmestrategien im Bereich der Deutschen Bucht gewonnenen Aerosolproben wurden dargestellt und ausfuehrlich diskutiert. (orig./BBR)Special sampling techniques were developed and used which permit to make up budgets of flows of atmospheric pollutants in the area of the southern North Sea and to investigate atmospheric transport and deposition processes. In combination with various methods of analysis and problem-oriented evaluation, the aerosols were characterized as to their chemical composition and origin, as well as their deposition behaviour. Sampling techniques comprised integral sampling of aerosols with varying time resolution as well as advanced, targeted sampling with separate recording of aerosols by direction of transport. Upon suitable preparation of the aerosol samples, their constituents were analyzed with the aid of absorption spectroscopy for the cationic components, and ion exchange chromatograpy for anions. The results of the aerosol samples obtained by the different sampling strategies in the area of the Helgoland Bight are described and discussed in detail. (orig./BBR)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 7101(15) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Immunomodulating effects of environmentally realistic copper concentrations in Mytilus edulis adapted to naturally low salinities.

The possibility to assess organisms’ health condition and biological effects of chemicals is a fundamental requirement for the achievement of the Good Environmental Status (GES) as defined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (EU). In this respect, the role of natural environmental stressors, possibly acting as confounding factors, should be carefully considered, especially at low doses of exposure. Organisms from the Baltic Sea have adapted to the ambient salinity regime, however energetically costly osmoregulating processes may have an impact on the capability to respond to additional stress such as contamination. In the present study, immune responses of Mytilus spp, adapted to salinities of 12 ‰ (LS) and 20 ‰ (MS) were compared after short-term exposure (1, 7 and 13 days) to low copper concentrations (5, 9 and 16 µg/L Cu). In brief, LS mussels accumulated markedly more copper than MS mussels, and exhibited a strong correlation between bacterial clearance and phagocytic activity. The greatest separating factor of LS and MS was the proportion of granulocytes and hyalinocytes while functional parameters (phagocytic activity and bacterial clearance) were merely affected by salinity, but rather by copper exposure. The overall results demonstrated that immune responses may be suitable biomarkers for the assessment of ecosystem health in brackish waters (10 to 20 ‰ S), and that the impact of salinity on physiological processes should be accounted for