Innovative Moments und Direktivität im Career Construction Interview

Macht es einen Unterschied, ob Berater in der Berufs-, Studien- und Laufbahnberatung sich bei der Anwendung des Career Construction Interviews (CCI) mit ihren Hypothesen zurückhalten oder diese aktiv mit in die Beratung einfliessen lassen? Und eignet sich das Innovative Moments Coding System (IMCS), welches im Rahmen von Psychotherapien entwickelt wurde, bei der Analyse von auf Video aufgezeichneter Beratungen, um Antworten hierüber zu geben? Dies sind die beiden zentralen Fragen der vorliegenden Arbeit. Zunächst werden die theoretischen Grundlagen zum Life Design Ansatz und dem Career Construction Interview, der Direktivität und zum Innovative Moments Coding System knapp dargestellt. Anschliessend werden vier am Institut für angewandte Psychologie der ZHAW entstandene Beratungsvideos mit Hilfe des Innovative Moments Coding System detailliert ausgewertet. Zwar hat ein Forscherteam um Paulo Cardoso bereits mit Hilfe des IMCS transkribierte Laufbahnberatungen analysiert, den Autoren ist hingegen keine Studie bekannt, in der das IMCS zur Analyse von Videosequenzen aus der Berufs-, Studien- und Laufbahnberatung angewendet wurde. Insofern hat die Arbeit einen qualitativ-explorativen Charakter. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass sich das IMCS sehr gut zur Auswertung der Beratungsvideos eignet. Hierfür waren allerdings einige Anpassungen nötig. Beispielsweise Entscheidungen darüber, wie ein Innovative Moment aussieht, der sich nicht auf ein diagnostizierbares Problem, wie in der Psychotherapie, bezieht, sondern auf eine Fragestellung im Laufbahnkontext. Im Diskussionsteil gehen die Autoren ausführlich auf diese Probleme ein und geben Hinweise, die für das Entstehen eines Kodierungsmanuals für zukünftige quantitative Studien hilfreich sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt zudem deutlich, dass sich das Career Construction Interview eignet um schon in der ersten Beratungssitzung eine Vielzahl von Innovative Moments zu provozieren (22,5 pro Video im Durchschnitt). Die Autoren waren zudem in der Lage fünf der sieben verschiedenen Arten von Innovative Moments zu identifizieren, ein weiterer Indikator für den Wert des Career Construction Interviews. Des Weiteren konnten die Autoren mit dem IMCS messen, ob und inwiefern die Beratenden direktiv vorgegangen sind. In der Auswertung der Videos finden sich deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass nicht-direktives Vorgehen mehr Innovative Moments mit höherer Qualität und in grösserer Vielfalt auslöst und insofern dem direktiven Vorgehen überlegen sein könnte. Der explorative Charakter der Studie lässt jedoch hierüber keine abschliessenden Schlüsse zu. Die Ergebnisse deuten aber darauf hin, dass eine nachfolgende quantitative Studie wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Berufs-, Studien- und Laufbahnberatung zu Tage fördern könnte

A three-state model with loop entropy for the over-stretching transition of DNA

We introduce a three-state model for a single DNA chain under tension that distinguishes between B-DNA, S-DNA and M (molten or denatured) segments and at the same time correctly accounts for the entropy of molten loops, characterized by the exponent c in the asymptotic expression S ~ - c ln n for the entropy of a loop of length n. Force extension curves are derived exactly employing a generalized Poland-Scheraga approach and compared to experimental data. Simultaneous fitting to force-extension data at room temperature and to the denaturation phase transition at zero force is possible and allows to establish a global phase diagram in the force-temperature plane. Under a stretching force, the effects of the stacking energy, entering as a domain-wall energy between paired and unpaired bases, and the loop entropy are separated. Therefore we can estimate the loop exponent c independently from the precise value of the stacking energy. The fitted value for c is small, suggesting that nicks dominate the experimental force extension traces of natural DNA.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary informatio

A MATCH MADE IN HEAVEN? EMPOWERING EFFECTS OF BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL INNOVATION CAPABILITIES

Business Process Management (BPM) and Digital Innovation (DI) are at the forefront of understanding and shaping organizational change in the digital age. Yet BPM still struggles to fully embrace an opportunity-driven mindset while DI is rarely institutionalized as a structured process. To overcome challenges, combining efforts of both communities promises great benefits. Hence, we take a capability perspective on the intersection of BPM and DI, and conduct two structured literature reviews. As a result, we derive and substantiate empowering effects of BPM and DI capabilities on Digital Process Innovation and the DI Process. Our study contributes to the descriptive and explanatory knowledge on BPM and DI, answering calls to advance research at their intersection. Our findings provide a basis for further theorizing and insights on how existing knowledge on BPM and DI can inform research at their intersection. Practitioners can use our results to synergize their BPM and DI capabilities

The Effects of Digital Technology on Opportunity Recognition

Recognizing opportunities enabled by digital technology (DT) has become a competitive necessity in today’s digital world. However, opportunity recognition is a major challenge given the influence of DT, which not only disperses agency across various actors, but also blurs boundaries between customers, companies, products, and industries. As a result, traditional entrepreneurship knowledge needs to be rethought and the effects of DT on opportunity recognition need to be better understood. Drawing from opportunity recognition theory – as one of the central theories in the entrepreneurship domain – this study builds on a structured literature review to identify and explain three direct as well as three transitive effects of DT on opportunity recognition. These effects have been validated with real-world cases as well as interviews with academics and practitioners. In sum, this study contributes to descriptive and explanatory knowledge on the evolution from traditional to digital entrepreneurship. As a theory for explaining, the findings extend opportunity recognition theory by illuminating how and why DT influences opportunity recognition. This supports research and practice in investigating and managing opportunities more effectively

Lay Perspectives on Empathy in Patient-Physician Communication: An Online Experimental Study

Research indicates that patients consider empathy as a key factor contributing to the quality-of-care. However, ambiguities in the definition of this multidimensional construct complicate definite conclusions to-date. Addressing the challenges in the literature, and using a hypothetical physician-patient interaction which explored patient-perceived differences between expressions of affective empathy, cognitive empathy, compassion and no empathy, this study aimed to test whether lay participants' evaluations of the quality-of-care depend on the type of empathic physician behavior, and on the physician's gender. We conducted a randomized web-based experiment using a 4 (type of empathy) by 2 (physician gender) between-subjects design. Empathy was subdivided into three concepts: first, affective empathy (i.e. feeling with someone); second, cognitive empathy (i.e. understanding); and third, compassion (i.e. feeling for someone and offering support). Perceived quality-of-care was the primary outcome. Compared with non-empathic interactions, quality-of-care was rated higher when physicians reacted cognitively empathic or compassionate (d = 0.71; 0.43 to 1.00 and d = 0.68; 0.38 to 0.98). No significant difference was found between affective empathy and no empathy (d = 0.13; -0.14 to 0.42). The physician's gender was not related with quality-of-care. Aspects of participants' personality but not their age, gender or the number of physician visits were associated with quality-of-care. No interactions were observed. In showing that patients rated quality-of-care higher when physician reactions were described as cognitively empathic and compassionate, as compared with affectively empathic or non-empathic, our findings refine views about the kinds of empathy that are important in patient care with implications for clinical practice, education and communication trainings

Permutation Entropy as a Conceptual Model to Analyse Brain Activity in Sleep

Sleep stage classification is a widely discussed topic, due to its importance in the diagnosis of sleep disorders, e.g. insomnia. Analysis of the brain activity during sleep is necessary to gain further insight into the processing that occurs in our brains. We want to use permutation entropy as a model for this analysis. Therefore, the signal processing in terms of electroencephalography is described. This results in a time discrete signal, that can be further processed by applying the method of permutation entropy, which is a modification of the Shannon entropy as a measure of information processing. The method is applied to 18 data sets, nine electroencephalography measurements of patients suffering from insomnia and nine of people without a sleep disorder. A strong correlation between the permutation entropy value and the sleep stages was found during the simulation runs. The results are analysed and presented using boxplot diagrams of the permutation entropy over the sleep stages. Furthermore, it is investigated that there is a steady decrease in the value when the patient is in a deeper sleep. This suggests that the method is a good parameter for sleep stage classification. Finally, we propose an extension of the conceptual model to other pathological conditions and also to the analysis of brain activity during surgery.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, included in abstract volume of the 11th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulatio

The effects of digital technology on opportunity recognition

Recognizing opportunities enabled by digital technology (DT) has become a competitive necessity in today’s digital world. However, opportunity recognition is a major challenge given the influence of DT, which not only disperses agency across various actors, but also blurs boundaries between customers, companies, products, and industries. As a result, traditional entrepreneurship knowledge needs to be rethought and the effects of DT on opportunity recognition need to be better understood. Drawing from opportunity recognition theory – as one of the central theories in the entrepreneurship domain – this study builds on a structured literature review to identify and explain three direct as well as three transitive effects of DT on opportunity recognition. These effects have been validated with real-world cases as well as interviews with academics and practitioners. In sum, this study contributes to descriptive and explanatory knowledge on the evolution from traditional to digital entrepreneurship. As a theory for explaining, the findings extend opportunity recognition theory by illuminating how and why DT influences opportunity recognition. This supports research and practice in investigating and managing opportunities more effectively. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12599-021-00733-9

Four Patterns of Digital Innovation in Times of Crisis

Exogenous shocks, such as COVID-19, significantly change fundamental premises on which economies and individual organizations operate. The light-asset nature of digital technologies provides the potential to not only facilitate an immediate crisis response, but also to catalyze novel innovation types to address the societal and economic changes caused by exogenous shocks. As digital innovation became a relevant part of organizations’ COVID-19 responses, and given that a corresponding structured knowledge base did not exist, we found the need to better understand crisis-driven digital innovation. Drawing on prior knowledge from crisis management and organizational ambidexterity as a theoretical lens, we present four patterns of crisis-driven digital innovation, classified along two dimensions: (1) driven by a sense of urgency or ambition and (2) focusing on exploitative or explorative innovation. Based on a thorough analysis of digital innovation cases during the COVID-19 crisis, we illustrate and discuss these four patterns and their emerging properties to explain how and why they led to digital innovation in the context of the crisis. Our work contributes to the explanatory knowledge on digital innovation in times of crisis, helping researchers and practitioners to understand and develop digital innovation in response to exogenous shocks

What Makes Digital Technology? A Categorization Based on Purpose

Digital technology (DT) is creating and shaping today’s world. Building on its identity and history of technology research, the Information Systems discipline is at the forefront of understanding the nature of DT and related phenomena. Understanding the nature of DT requires understanding its purposes. Because of the growing number of DTs, these purposes are diversifying, and further examination is needed. To that end, we followed an organizational systematics paradigm and present a taxonomic theory for DT that enables its classification through its diverse purposes. The taxonomic theory comprises a multi-layer taxonomy of DT and purpose-related archetypes, which we inferred from a sample of 92 real-world DTs. In our empirical evaluation, we assessed reliability, validity, and usefulness of the taxonomy and archetypes. The taxonomic theory exceeds existing technology classifications by being the first that (1) has been rigorously developed, (2) considers the nature of DT, (3) is sufficiently concrete to reflect the diverse purposes of DT, and (4) is sufficiently abstract to be persistent. Our findings add to the descriptive knowledge on DT, advance our understanding of the diverse purposes of DT, and lay the ground for further theorizing. Our work also supports practitioners in managing and designing DTs