Relation between squeezing of vacuum fluctuations, quantum entanglement and sub-shot noise in Raman scattering

A completely quantum description of Raman process is used to investigate the nonclassical properties of the modes in the stimulated, spontaneous and partially spontaneous Raman process. Both coherent scattering (where all the initial modes are coherent) and chaotic scattering (where initial phonon mode is chaotic and all the other modes are coherent) are studied. Nonclassical character of Raman process is observed by means of intermodal entanglement, single mode and intermodal squeezing of vacuum fluctuations, sub-shot noise and wave variances. Joint photon-phonon number and integrated-intensity distributions are then used to illustrate the observed nonclassicalities. Conditional and difference number distributions are also provided to illustrate the nonclassical character. The mutual relation between the obtained nonclassicalities and their variations dependent on phases, rescalled time and ratio of coupling constants are also reported.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

The statitistical evaluation of the uniaxial compressive strength of the Ruskov andesite

The selection of a suitable model of the statistical distribution of the uniaxial compressive strength is discussed in the paper. The uniaxial compressive strength was studied on 180 specimens of the Ruskov andesite. The rate of loading was 1MPa.s-1. The experimental specimens had a prismatic form with a square base; the slightness ratio of specimens was 2:1. Three sets of specimens with a different length of the base edge were studied, namely 50, 30 and 10 mm. The result of the measurement were three sets with 60 values of the uniaxial compressive strength. The basic statistical parameters: the sample mean, the sample standard deviation, the variational interval, the minimum and maximum value, the sample obliqueness coefficient and the sharpness coefficient were evaluated for each collection. Two types of the distribution which can be joined with the real physical fundamentals of the desintegration of rocks ( the normal and the Weibull distribution ) were tested. The two-parametric Weibull distribution was tested. The basic characteristics of both distributions were evaluated for each set and the accordance of the model distribution with an experimental distribution was tested. The ÷2-test was used for testing. The two-parametric Weibull distribution was selected following the comparison of the test results of both model distributions as a suitable distribution model for the characterization of uniaxial compressive strength of the Ruskov andesite. The two-parametric Weibull distribution showed better results of the goodness-of-fit test. The normal distribution was suitable for two sets; one of the sets showed a negative result of the goodness-of-fit testing. At the uniaxial compressive strength of the Ruskov andesite, a scale effect was registered : the mean value of uniaxial compressive strength decreases with increasing the specimen base edge. This is another argument for using the Weibull distribution as a suitable statistical model of the uniaxial compressive strength distribution. The Weibull distribution unlike the normal distribution enables the physical interpretation of the scale effect influence on uniaxial compressive strength value

Use of Thermoanalytic Methods in the Evaluation of Combusted Materials

The paper describes possibilities of using thermoanalytic methods for the evaluation and comparison of materials designed for a direct combustion. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were both used in the evaluation. The paper includes a description of methods of data processing from analyses for the purposes of comparison of used materials regarding their heating values. The following materials were analysed in the experiments: wooden coal of objectional grain size, fly ash from heating plant exhaust funnels, dendromass waste: spruce sawdust, micro-briquettes of spruce sawdust and fly-ash combined

Acoustic and physiological effects of the surroundings in rock cutting process

A noise effect arising in the rock cutting process is gaining a large attention as to the identification and optimization of the cuttingprocess. The sense experience acquired during the experiments in the process of rotary rock drilling related to the determination of rock typeor to the optimal drilling regime determination is formed due to sense perception, mainly hearing, and its further evaluation by the humanbrain from the information exempted from the environment

Fraktalna geometrija i primjena impulsne dinamičke metode u procjenjivanju poremećaja u stijenama

In this paper the fractal geometry, interpreting the size effect was used for evaluation of disturbance of samples of rocks. Fractal geometry offers a possibility to describe the non-regular structure of natural objects by fractal dimension, from which it is possible e.g. to estimate the measure of rock disturbance. The micro-disturbance of rock samples was compared with the results of ultrasonic pulsing method, where the disturbance indexes IQ were calculated from the velocities of exciting ultrasonic waves spreading through the rock medium.U radu je korištena fraktalna geometrija za tumačenje efekta veličine radi procjene poremećaja u uzorcima stijena. Fraktalna geometrija nudi mogućnost da se fraktalnim, dimenzijama opiše neregularna struktura prirodnih objekata iz čega je moguće, npr. utvrditi dimenzije poremećaja u stijenama. Mikropromjene u uzorcima stijena uspoređene su s rezultatima metode ultrazvučnog titranja gdje se indeksi promjena IQ računaju iz brzine širenja pobuđenih ultrazvučnih valova kroz medij stijena

Kontrola akustičnom metodom raspadanja stijena pri rotacionom bušenju

The contribution describes the technical and algorithmic solution of the optimization of rotary drilling. The global optimization criteria express the minimum specific energy on drilling and the maximum speed of drilling. The article presents the first results of research on the utilization of acoustic methods in indirect measurement of criterion function by optimizing these processes.Rad opisuje tehničko i algoritmičko rješenje optimalizacije rotacionog bušenja. Globalna optimalizacija kriterija izražava minimalnu specifičnu energiju bušenja i maksimalnu brzinu bušenja. Članak predstavlja prve rezultate istraživanja primjene akustičkih metoda u neizravnom mjerenju funkcije kriterija optimaliziranjem tih procesa

Registration and processing of acoustic signal in rock drilling

For the determination of an effective rock disintegration for a given tool and rock type it is needed to define an optimal disintegration regime. Optimisation of the disintegration process by drilling denotes the finding out an appropriate couple of input parameters of disintegration, i.e. the thrust and revolutions for a quasi-equal rock environment. The disintegration process can be optimised to reach the maximum immediate drilling rate, to reach the minimum specific disintegration energy or to reach the maximum ratio of immediate drilling rate and specific disintegration energy. For the determination of the optimal thrust and revolutions it is needed to monitor the disintegration process. Monitoring of the disintegration process in real conditions is complicated by unfavourable factors, such as the presence of water, dust, vibrations etc. Following our present experience in the monitoring of drilling or full-profile driving, we try to replace the monitoring of input values by monitoring of the scanned acoustic signal. This method of monitoring can extend the optimisation of disintegration process in the technical practice. Its advantage consists in the registration of one acoustic signal by an appropriate microphone. Monitoring of acoustic signal is used also in monitoring of metal machining by milling and turning jobs. The research results of scanning of the acoustic signal in machining of metals are encouraging. Acoustic signal can be processed by different statistical parameters. The paper decribes some results of monitoring of the acoustic signal in rock disintegration on the drilling stand of the Institute of Geotechnics SAS in Koice. The acoustic signal has been registered and processed in no-load run of electric motor, in no-load run of electric motor with a drilling fluid, and in the Ruskov andesite drilling. Registration and processing of the acoustic signal is solved as a part of the research grant task within the basic research of the rock disintegration by drilling

Specification of rock abrasiveness for the purposes of tunnel driving using TBM

This article analyses rock abrasiveness that causes attrition (wearing down) of the disintegration indentors. In the case of drilling machines equipped with disc chipper tools it is the attrition of the discs. The attrition of the discs results in the reduction of the drilling rate and the increase in the specific disintegration energy, thus directly affecting the total economic outcome of the mining site (tunnel).Abrasiveness of the rock is the rocks ability to wear down the working tool during the mutual interaction between the working indentor and the rock in the mechanic rock disintegration process. The disintegration indentor wears down during the interaction, that changes its geometric dimensions, causing the increase in the contact area between the tool and the surface of the rock. The changes in these dimensions consequently alter the rate of advance of the drilling machine and the specific disintegration energy.Abrasiveness is therefore an overall result of physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock during the interaction between the disintegration indentor and the rock. In the present time there is no method that would formulate the rocks abrasiveness at the hands of physical-mechanical characteristics of the rock. Because the interaction between the tool and the rock depends on the characteristics of the tool, abrasiveness is at present a relative quantity, dependent also on the quality of the disintegration indentors. With the progress in the quality of disintegration tools, the abrasiveness and the attrition of the tool during mechanic rock disintegration changes. From this standpoint it is, in the course of determining the rocks abrasiveness in the laboratory procedures, needed to eliminate the impact of the disintegration indentor characteristics. By choosing one disintegration indentor type with predetermined physical-mechanical characteristics for the laboratory measurements, we can obtain abrasiveness that characterizes the examined rock. The process of interaction between the indentor and the rock is also influenced by the environment where the interaction takes place. The effect of the environment is not negligible and therefore it is, in the laboratory conditions of determining the abrasiveness, always necessary to provide for the same environment and thus eliminate its influence on the overall measurement, especially in the case of comparing the abrasiveness of different rocks.We have determined the abrasiveness according to the ON 44 1121 (1982) on three types of rocks