Network analysis of large-scale ImmGen and Tabula Muris datasets highlights metabolic diversity of tissue mononuclear phagocytes

The diversity of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subpopulations across tissues is one of the key physiological characteristics of the immune system. Here, we focus on understanding the metabolic variability of MNPs through metabolic network analysis applied to three large-scale transcriptional datasets: we introduce (1) an ImmGen MNP open-source dataset of 337 samples across 26 tissues; (2) a myeloid subset of ImmGen Phase I dataset (202 MNP samples); and (3) a myeloid mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (51,364 cells) assembled based on Tabula Muris Senis. To analyze such large-scale datasets, we develop a network-based computational approach, genes and metabolites (GAM) clustering, for unbiased identification of the key metabolic subnetworks based on transcriptional profiles. We define 9 metabolic subnetworks that encapsulate the metabolic differences within MNP from 38 different tissues. Obtained modules reveal that cholesterol synthesis appears particularly active within the migratory dendritic cells, while glutathione synthesis is essential for cysteinyl leukotriene production by peritoneal and lung macrophages

Chemical efficiency of H2O2 production and decomposition of organic compounds under action of DC underwater discharge in gas bubbles

A dc underwater discharge generated in gas bubbles (air, Ar, He, and N-2) in a NaH2PO4 center dot 2H(2)O solution is studied. It is shown that the maximal concentration of hydrogen peroxide produced in the discharge does not depend on gas composition. The energy efficiency of H2O2 production is, however, gas dependent, and the highest value of 2.95 g/kWh is obtained for air. The decomposition efficiency of the Direct Blue 106 dye, which is used as a model organic pollutant at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, increases linearly with current in the investigated range (10-30 mA). A maximal dye decoloration of 65% is observed in a N-2 discharge after 20 min of treatment at a current of 30 mA. Different mechanisms of dye decoloration by plasma are proposed and discussed

Physical properties and chemical efficiency of an underwater dc discharge generated in He, Ar, N2 and air bubbles

A dc excited discharge generated in bubbles (He, Ar, Air, N(2)) in liquid phase is investigated in this work. Voltage/current characteristics and emission spectra of the discharge are recorded in the current range 10-30 mA. Electron density in the discharge is measured from Stark broadening of the H(beta) line and is of the order of 2-6 x 10(20) m(-3), depending on the feed gas. Estimation of electron temperature is carried out based on the balance of charged particles. Gas temperature is estimated by the slope of the Boltzmann plot and by the simulation of the OH band with different T(rot)(1), T(rot)(2) and T(vib). Rotation temperature in the He discharge is 1200 K at I = 10 mA and linearly increases with current up to 1600 K. In the plasma of molecular gases the temperature is higher and almost constant at different currents. Chemical efficiency of the plasma is measured by the production of H(2)O(2) and by the destruction of Direct Blue 106 dye. The highest energy consumption of H(2)O(2) generation is achieved in the air discharge and it decreases up to 50% in the He plasma. Maximal efficiency of dye destruction is observed in the N(2) plasma characterized by an energy consumption of dye decomposition of 0.86 g kWh(-1)