LUTEIN IN HENS NUTRITION

U radu je opisan lutein, njegov utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje, sadržaj u smjesama za nesilice te mogućnost povećanja njegova sadržaja u žumanjku jajeta. Lutein se ubraja u skupinu karotenoida i podskupinu ksantofila. Od karotena razlikuje se po tome što sadrži kisik na lancu ugljikovih atoma. Istaknut je pozitivan utjecaj luteina na zdravlje ljudi (očuvanje vida i sprečavanje nastanka različitih oblika tumora). Upravo zbog izraženog antioksidacijskog djelovanja u novije vrijeme je poželjan u ljudskoj prehrani. U hranidbi kokoši lutein se prvenstveno koristio kao jedan od prirodnih pigmenata pomoću kojih se dobivala žuta boja žumanjka i kože tovnih pilića. Narančasta boja žumanjka rezultat je ostalih karotenoida. Mnogobrojni znanstveni radovi upućuju na mogućnost povećanja sadržaja luteina u žumanjku jajeta. Negativne posljedice uključivanja veće količine luteina u smjese za kokoši su loš utjecaj na akumulaciju poželjnih n-3 masnih kiselina i nekih vitamina u mesu i jajima te loša konverzija iz hrane u žumanjak. Maksimalna preporučena količina luteina u smjesi je do 250 mg/kg hrane. Veće količine od navedenih nemaju više izražen učinak na akumulaciju luteina u jajima kokoši. Konzumacija jaja s većim sadržajem luteina imala bi pozitivan utjecaj na zdravlje ljudi, a proizvodnja takvih jaja osigurala veću zaradu proizvođačima.This paper describes lutein, its effect on human health, the content in mixtures for laying hens and the possibility of increasing its content in egg yolk. Lutein belongs to group of carotenoids and subgroup of xanthophylls. It differs from carotene in that it contains oxygen in the chain of carbon atoms. Positive effects of lutein on human health are well known (eyesight preservation and prevention of various forms of tumors). Because of its strong antioxidant effect lutein is very desirable in human diet. In poultry production, lutein has been primarily used as a natural pigment to ensure yellow color of egg yolk and broiler skin. Orange color of egg yolk is a result of the presence of other carotenoids. Many scientific articles indicate the possibilities of increase of lutein content in egg yolk. Negative consequences of large doses of lutein in poultry feed include negative effect on accumulation of desirable n-3 fatty acids and some vitamins in meat and eggs as well as poor conversion from feed into the yolk. Maximum recommended dose is 250 mg of lutein per kg of feed. Any higher dose doesn’t have a significant effect on lutein content in egg yolk. Consumption of eggs with higher lutein content would have a positive effect on human health and production of these eggs would also ensure a higher profit for egg producers

Zbrinjavanje otežanog dišnog puta – vječni izazov: prikaz bolesnika

Introduction: Obtaining a secured airway is a vital aspect during reconstructive surgery in patients with extensive post-burn mentosternal scar contractures. Such contractures can potentially lead to a “can’t intubate, can’t ventilate” scenario, otherwise rare but life-threatening situation. We present a case of successful management of a paediatric case of anticipated difficult airway due to burn injury. Case description: A 14-year-old boy presented for repair of an extensive skin contracture of the neck, thorax and face due to mutilating scarring. The boy was treated for 80% burn caused by gasoline flame 14 months prior to this surgery. Burn healing and scarring resulted in massive distortion of the facial and cervical anatomy, all implying difficult airway with a high probability of “can’t intubate, can’t ventilate” situation. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope with loaded cuffed endotracheal tube N° 6.0 was used for visualisation of vocal cords through the mouth in light sedation with spontaneous breathing. After visualisation of the vocal cords, fentanyl (Fentanyl, GlaxoSmithKline) and thiopental (Thiopental, Rotexmedica) were administered and the trachea was intubated at the first attempt. Balanced general anaesthesia was initiated and planned surgical procedure was successfully completed. The trachea was extubated on the first postoperative day without any complication. Conclusion: Difficult paediatric airway and particularly “can’t intubate, can’t ventilate” situation is a problem associated with significant risks and complications. Anticipating a difficult airway, having a structured approach with appropriate preparation, and understanding of difficult airway management algorithms are essential for success.Uvod: Zbrinjavanje dišnog puta od vitalne je važnosti za bolesnika kod kojeg je indiciran rekonstruktivni zahvat nakon opsežnihopeklina lica i vrata. Kontrakture koje nastaju nakon takvih ozljeda mogu dovesti do nemogućnosti intubacije i ventilacije, što predstavljarijetku ali životno ugrožavajuću situaciju. Prikazati ćemo uspješno zbrinjavanje pedijatrijskog bolesnika sa očekivano otežanimzbrinjavanjem dišnog puta.Prikaz slučaja: Četrnaestogodišnji dječak sa opsežnom opeklinom lica, vrata i prsnog koša bio je predviđen za rekonstruktivni zahvat.Cijeljenje opekline, koja je nastala 14 mjeseci prije planiranog zahvata, rezultiralo je opsežnom kontrakturom i promjenom anatomijelica i vrata. Radi promijenjenih anatomskih odnosa bilo je očekivano da će zbrinjavanje dišnog puta biti otežano. Za vizualizacijuglasnica korišten je fleksibilni fiberoptički bronhoskop s pripremljenim endotrahealnim tubusom dok je bolesnik bio u plitkoj sedacijii disao spontano. Nakon vizualizacije glasnica bolesnik je dobio fentanil (Fentanyl, GlaxoSmithKline) i tiopental (Thiopental, Rotexmedica)te je potom intubiran iz prvog pokušaja. Nastavljena je balansirana opća anestezija, planirani zahvat je uspješno dovršen.Bolesnik je ekstubiran prvi postoperativni dan bez ikakvih komplikacija.Zaključak: Otežani dišni put u pedijatrijskih bolesnika je problem povezan s brojnim rizicima i komplikacijama. Prepoznavanje otežanogdišnog puta uz adekvatnu pripremu i poznavanje algoritama za zbrinjavanje otežanog dišnog puta ključno je za sigurnostbolesnika

CONNECTION BETWEEN ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA IN CHRONIC PAIN WITH PAIN INTENSITY, BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE

Cilj rada: Utvrditi vezu između akupunkturnog liječenja i vrijednosti arterijskog krvnog tlaka, srčane frekvencije i intenziteta boli. Metode: Prospektivnim istraživanjem su obuhvaćena 64 pacijenta sa kroničnom boli, liječena farmakološkom terapijom i akupunkturom u Zavodu za liječenje boli KBC Osijek. Intenzitet boli, krvni tlak i srčana frekvencija mjereni su prije postavljanja i nakon uklanjanja akupunkturnih igala. Rezultati: Intenzitet boli iskazan na vizualno analognoj ljestvici značajno je viši kod prvih mjerenja prije insercije akupunkturnih igala, te neposredno nakon skidanja akupunkturnih igala (poslije akupunkture) (Friedmanov test, p<0,001). Prije akupunkture značajno su niže vrijednosti sistoličkog (Friedmanov test, p<0,001) i dijastoličkog (Friedmanov test, p=0,036) tlaka u zadnjim mjerenjima. Vrijednosti tlaka poslije akupunkture ne mijenjaju se značajno tijekom mjerenja. Srčana frekvencija prije i poslije akupunkture ne mijenja se značajno po mjerenjima, ali značajno je niža nakon akupunkture u prvih osam mjerenja. Zaključak: tijekom primjene prvih pet akupunkturnih terapija značajno je smanjen intenzitet boli i vrijednosti krvnoga tlaka nakon provedenoga tretmana, te su u zadnjih pet tretmana navedene niže vrijednosti održane. Srčana frekvencija prije i poslije akupunkture ne mijenja se značajno po mjerenjima, ali značajno je niža nakon akupunkture u prvih osam mjerenja.The aim of this study was to prove or disprove connection between acupuncture analgesia with the level of blood pressure and heart rate during implementation of acupuncture analgesia in patients with chronic pain. The secondary aim was to measure pain intensity during implementation of acupuncture analgesia. Patients with chronic pain receiving 10 acupuncture sessions with pharmacological analgesic therapy were included. The inclusion criteria were pain intensity due to chronic pain of at least 5 on the 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS) and patient age 18 to 65. Excluding criteria were age under 18 and over 65, unregulated arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disorders, signifi cant psychiatric comorbidity, pregnancy, allergy to acupuncture needles, anticoagulant therapy, and patients who refused to participate in monitoring and therefore did not sign the informed consent form. Pain intensity, blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated before and after acupuncture. The study included 64 patients, 11 (17%) male and 53 (83%) female. Wilcoxon test proved a signifi cantly lower pain intensity after acupuncture on the second (p=0.009), third (p=0.006), fourth (p=0.005) and seventh (p=0.013) measurement. Pain intensity on the VAS was signifi cantly higher on the initial measurement before acupuncture and after acupuncture (Friedman test, p<0.001). Systolic pressure was signifi cantly decreased on the fi rst two measurements (Wilcoxon test, p=0.003 and p=0.014), and on the fourth (Wilcoxon test, p=0.036) and fi fth (Wilcoxon test, p=0.002) measurements after acupuncture. Diastolic blood pressure was signifi cantly lower on the fi fth (Wilcoxon test, p=0.030) and the last two measurements (Wilcoxon test, p=0.041 and p=0.003). The 6-10 measurements showed signifi cantly lower systolic (Friedman test, p<0.001) and diastolic (Friedman test, p=0.036) pressure before acupuncture in relation to systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the fi rst fi ve measurements before acupuncture. The pressure values after acupuncture did not change signifi cantly during measurements. Heart rate before and after acupuncture did not change the measurements signifi cantly, but was signifi cantly lower after acupuncture on the fi rst eight measurements. This study demonstrated that the fi rst fi ve acupuncture sessions signifi cantly reduced pain intensity and blood pressure, thereafter aintaining the levels of pain intensity and blood pressure achieved (acupuncture sessions 6-10), which were lower compared to the fi rst five measurements (acupuncture sessions 1-5)

CONNECTION BETWEEN ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA IN CHRONIC PAIN WITH PAIN INTENSITY, BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE

Cilj rada: Utvrditi vezu između akupunkturnog liječenja i vrijednosti arterijskog krvnog tlaka, srčane frekvencije i intenziteta boli. Metode: Prospektivnim istraživanjem su obuhvaćena 64 pacijenta sa kroničnom boli, liječena farmakološkom terapijom i akupunkturom u Zavodu za liječenje boli KBC Osijek. Intenzitet boli, krvni tlak i srčana frekvencija mjereni su prije postavljanja i nakon uklanjanja akupunkturnih igala. Rezultati: Intenzitet boli iskazan na vizualno analognoj ljestvici značajno je viši kod prvih mjerenja prije insercije akupunkturnih igala, te neposredno nakon skidanja akupunkturnih igala (poslije akupunkture) (Friedmanov test, p<0,001). Prije akupunkture značajno su niže vrijednosti sistoličkog (Friedmanov test, p<0,001) i dijastoličkog (Friedmanov test, p=0,036) tlaka u zadnjim mjerenjima. Vrijednosti tlaka poslije akupunkture ne mijenjaju se značajno tijekom mjerenja. Srčana frekvencija prije i poslije akupunkture ne mijenja se značajno po mjerenjima, ali značajno je niža nakon akupunkture u prvih osam mjerenja. Zaključak: tijekom primjene prvih pet akupunkturnih terapija značajno je smanjen intenzitet boli i vrijednosti krvnoga tlaka nakon provedenoga tretmana, te su u zadnjih pet tretmana navedene niže vrijednosti održane. Srčana frekvencija prije i poslije akupunkture ne mijenja se značajno po mjerenjima, ali značajno je niža nakon akupunkture u prvih osam mjerenja.The aim of this study was to prove or disprove connection between acupuncture analgesia with the level of blood pressure and heart rate during implementation of acupuncture analgesia in patients with chronic pain. The secondary aim was to measure pain intensity during implementation of acupuncture analgesia. Patients with chronic pain receiving 10 acupuncture sessions with pharmacological analgesic therapy were included. The inclusion criteria were pain intensity due to chronic pain of at least 5 on the 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS) and patient age 18 to 65. Excluding criteria were age under 18 and over 65, unregulated arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disorders, signifi cant psychiatric comorbidity, pregnancy, allergy to acupuncture needles, anticoagulant therapy, and patients who refused to participate in monitoring and therefore did not sign the informed consent form. Pain intensity, blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated before and after acupuncture. The study included 64 patients, 11 (17%) male and 53 (83%) female. Wilcoxon test proved a signifi cantly lower pain intensity after acupuncture on the second (p=0.009), third (p=0.006), fourth (p=0.005) and seventh (p=0.013) measurement. Pain intensity on the VAS was signifi cantly higher on the initial measurement before acupuncture and after acupuncture (Friedman test, p<0.001). Systolic pressure was signifi cantly decreased on the fi rst two measurements (Wilcoxon test, p=0.003 and p=0.014), and on the fourth (Wilcoxon test, p=0.036) and fi fth (Wilcoxon test, p=0.002) measurements after acupuncture. Diastolic blood pressure was signifi cantly lower on the fi fth (Wilcoxon test, p=0.030) and the last two measurements (Wilcoxon test, p=0.041 and p=0.003). The 6-10 measurements showed signifi cantly lower systolic (Friedman test, p<0.001) and diastolic (Friedman test, p=0.036) pressure before acupuncture in relation to systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the fi rst fi ve measurements before acupuncture. The pressure values after acupuncture did not change signifi cantly during measurements. Heart rate before and after acupuncture did not change the measurements signifi cantly, but was signifi cantly lower after acupuncture on the fi rst eight measurements. This study demonstrated that the fi rst fi ve acupuncture sessions signifi cantly reduced pain intensity and blood pressure, thereafter aintaining the levels of pain intensity and blood pressure achieved (acupuncture sessions 6-10), which were lower compared to the fi rst five measurements (acupuncture sessions 1-5)

FATTENING TRAITS AND CHICKEN MEAT QUALITY REGARDING THE DIETARY OIL SOURCES

Provedeno je istraživanje utjecaja biljnih ulja na tovna svojstva i kvalitetu trupova Ross 308 pilića. Završne, finišer smjese kojima su pilići hranjeni od 4. do 6. tjedna tova razlikovale su se samo po dodanim uljima u količini od 5% (1. skupina – suncokretovo, 2. skupina – sojino, 3. skupina– repičino i 4. skupina – laneno ulje). Dodatak biljnih ulja u hranu nije statistički značajno (P>0,05) utjecao na istražena tovna obilježja. Najveću prosječnu masu (2827,05 g), konzumaciju (4163 g) i prirast (2004 g) imali su pilići 3. skupine, dok je najbolja konverzija hrane (1,98 g hrane/g prirasta, za razdoblje od 4. do 6. tjedna) zabilježena u 4. pokusnoj skupini. Utvrđen je statistički značajan (P=0,018) utjecaj na mase klaonički obrađenih trupova. Veću masu trupa (2031,20 g) u odnosu na ostale skupine (1841,80 g, 1846,40 g, 1881,80 g) imali su pilići hranjeni dodatkom repičinog ulja. Tijekom istraživanja nije utvrđen značajan utjecaj biljnih ulja na klaoničke randmane (%) trupova, na mase osnovnih dijelova trupa te na udjele mišićnog tkiva, kože i kostiju u prsima kao i mišićnog tkiva i kostiju u batacima sa zabatacima. Značajno niži (P<0,05) udio kože u osnovnom dijelu (10,37%) i u trupu (3,06%) utvrđen je kod pilića 1. skupine, u odnosu na 3. (12,94%, 3,74%) i 4. skupinu (12,73%, 3,72%) koje su hranjene smjesama s dodatkom repičinog i lanenog ulja.The aim of the research was to determine effects of plant oils on the fattening traits and carcass quality of Ross 308 broilers. From 4th to 6th week of fattening, broilers were fed finisher diets that differed only in the type of oil supplemented in the amount of 5% (group 1 – sunflower oil, group 2 – soybean oil, group 3 – rapeseed oil and group 4 – linseed oil). Supplementation of plant oils to diets had no statistical influence (P>0.05) on the fattening characteristics. Group 3 had the highest average weight (2827.05 g), consumption (4163 g) and weight gain (2004 g), while group 4 had the best feed conversion (1.98 g feed/g of gain, for the period of 4th-6th week of fattening). The study confirmed statistically significant influence (P=0.018) on the weights of slaughtered carcasses. Broilers fed diets supplemented with rapeseed oil had higher carcass weight (2031.20 g) than other groups (1841.80 g, 1846.40 g, 1881.80 g). The study did not determine significant influence of plant oils on dressing percentages (%) of carcass, on weights of main carcass parts and on portions of muscle tissue, skin and bones in breasts, as well as on muscle tissue and bones in drumsticks with thighs. Group 1 had significantly lower (P<0.05) portion of skin in the main part (10.37%) and in carcass (3.06%) than group 3 (12.94%, 3.74%) and group 4 (12.73%, 3.72%), which were fed diets supplemented with rapeseed oil and linseed oil, respectively

FATTENING TRAITS AND CHICKEN MEAT QUALITY REGARDING THE DIETARY OIL SOURCES

Provedeno je istraživanje utjecaja biljnih ulja na tovna svojstva i kvalitetu trupova Ross 308 pilića. Završne, finišer smjese kojima su pilići hranjeni od 4. do 6. tjedna tova razlikovale su se samo po dodanim uljima u količini od 5% (1. skupina – suncokretovo, 2. skupina – sojino, 3. skupina– repičino i 4. skupina – laneno ulje). Dodatak biljnih ulja u hranu nije statistički značajno (P>0,05) utjecao na istražena tovna obilježja. Najveću prosječnu masu (2827,05 g), konzumaciju (4163 g) i prirast (2004 g) imali su pilići 3. skupine, dok je najbolja konverzija hrane (1,98 g hrane/g prirasta, za razdoblje od 4. do 6. tjedna) zabilježena u 4. pokusnoj skupini. Utvrđen je statistički značajan (P=0,018) utjecaj na mase klaonički obrađenih trupova. Veću masu trupa (2031,20 g) u odnosu na ostale skupine (1841,80 g, 1846,40 g, 1881,80 g) imali su pilići hranjeni dodatkom repičinog ulja. Tijekom istraživanja nije utvrđen značajan utjecaj biljnih ulja na klaoničke randmane (%) trupova, na mase osnovnih dijelova trupa te na udjele mišićnog tkiva, kože i kostiju u prsima kao i mišićnog tkiva i kostiju u batacima sa zabatacima. Značajno niži (P<0,05) udio kože u osnovnom dijelu (10,37%) i u trupu (3,06%) utvrđen je kod pilića 1. skupine, u odnosu na 3. (12,94%, 3,74%) i 4. skupinu (12,73%, 3,72%) koje su hranjene smjesama s dodatkom repičinog i lanenog ulja.The aim of the research was to determine effects of plant oils on the fattening traits and carcass quality of Ross 308 broilers. From 4th to 6th week of fattening, broilers were fed finisher diets that differed only in the type of oil supplemented in the amount of 5% (group 1 – sunflower oil, group 2 – soybean oil, group 3 – rapeseed oil and group 4 – linseed oil). Supplementation of plant oils to diets had no statistical influence (P>0.05) on the fattening characteristics. Group 3 had the highest average weight (2827.05 g), consumption (4163 g) and weight gain (2004 g), while group 4 had the best feed conversion (1.98 g feed/g of gain, for the period of 4th-6th week of fattening). The study confirmed statistically significant influence (P=0.018) on the weights of slaughtered carcasses. Broilers fed diets supplemented with rapeseed oil had higher carcass weight (2031.20 g) than other groups (1841.80 g, 1846.40 g, 1881.80 g). The study did not determine significant influence of plant oils on dressing percentages (%) of carcass, on weights of main carcass parts and on portions of muscle tissue, skin and bones in breasts, as well as on muscle tissue and bones in drumsticks with thighs. Group 1 had significantly lower (P<0.05) portion of skin in the main part (10.37%) and in carcass (3.06%) than group 3 (12.94%, 3.74%) and group 4 (12.73%, 3.72%), which were fed diets supplemented with rapeseed oil and linseed oil, respectively

Izražaj TFF gena i proteina u tumorima dojke

The objective of this study was to determine diff erential expression of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 genes and proteins in breast tumor subtypes. In addition, we investigated the correlation between TFF genes within tumor subgroups, and TFF genes with clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. Study group included 122 patients with surgically removed breast tumors. Samples were investigated using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TFF1 and TFF3 genes and proteins were expressed in breast tumors, while the levels of TFF2 gene and protein expression were very low or undetectable. TFF1 was signifi cantly more expressed in benign tumors, while TFF3 was more expressed in malignant tumors. Gene and protein expression of both TFF1 and TFF3 was greater in lymph node-negative tumors, hormone positive tumors, tumors with moderate levels of Ki67 expression, and in grade II tumors. A strong positive correlation was found between TFF1 and TFF3 genes, and the expression of both negatively correlated with Ki67 and the level of tumor histologic diff erentiation. Our results suggest that TFF1 and TFF3, but not TFF2, may have a role in breast tumor pathogenesis and could be used in the assessment of tumor diff erentiation and malignancy.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u izražaju gena i proteina TFF1, TFF2 i TFF3 u različitim vrstama tumora dojke te ispitati korelacije između gena TFF i vrsta tumora te gena TFF i kliničko-patoloških karakteristika tumora. U studiju su bile uključene 122 ispitanice kojima je kirurški odstranjen tumor dojke. Uzorci su obrađeni metodom qRT-PCR i metodom imunohistokemije. Geni i proteini TFF1 i TFF3 bili su izraženi u tumorima dojke, dok izražaj gena i proteina TFF2 nije otkriven u tumorskom tkivu. TFF1 je bio izraženiji kod dobroćudnih tumora, dok je TFF3 bio izraženiji kod zloćudnih tumora. TFF1 i TFF3 su bili izraženiji u hormonski ovisnim tumorima, tumorima bez metastaza u limfnim čvorovima, tumorima s umjereno visokim izražajem Ki67 i umjereno diferenciranim tumorima. Jaka pozitivna korelacija uočena je između gena TFF1 i TFF3, a oba su negativno korelirala s faktorom Ki67 i stupnjem diferenciranosti tumora. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako bi TFF1 i TFF3 mogli imati ulogu u patogenezi tumora dojke te bi se potencijalno mogli rabiti za određivanje tumorskog statusa i procjenu malignosti tumora