Interakcije v mikorizosferi določajo dinamiko ogljika v ekosistemu bukovih gozdov

Zaloga ogljika v gozdnih tleh je največji bazen terestičnih zalog organskega ogljika, njegova dinamika pa je vezana na talne, predvsem simbiontske organizme. Med najpomembnejše simbionte v gozdnih tleh, tako po vrstni kot funkcionalni pestrosti, sodijo ektomikorizne glive. V gozdnih ekosistemih v Sloveniji, v katerih prevladuje bukev, smo na osnovi morfoloških in molekularnih znakov identificirali večje število mikoriznih gliv in nekatere nove na kratko opisali. Na osnovi številčnosti posameznega tipa ektomikorize smo prvič izračunali prispevek tipa (vrste glive) ektomikorize k neposrednemu skladiščenju ogljika v ektomikorizi in v tleh v zgornjih plasteh tal (do globine 20 cm). Podatke o ogljiku, shranjenem v ektomikorizi, smo primerjali z modeliranimi količinami celotnega ogljika v gozdnih tleh, shematsko prikazali povezave in tokove ogljika ter pomen ektomikorize za dinamiko ogljika v gozdnih ekosistemih z bukvijo.Forest soils are the major stocks of organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems.The dynamics of carbon in soil is closely related to soil (micro)organisms, predominantly symbiotic organisms. Key symbionts in forest soils regarding their taxonomic and functional diversity are ectomycorrhizal fungi. In the present study, we have analysed ectomycorrhizal community in beech dominated forest stands using morphological and molecular identification of ectomycorrhizae. Several new types were discovered and briefly described in soil samples taken in beech forest stands, down to 20 cm deep. Based on ectomycorrhizal type abundance, we have calculated the (static)content of total carbon in each of the type. Quantities of carbon stored in ectomycorrhizae were compared with modelled quantities of total carbon in forest soils. We summarise the role and importance of ectomycorrhizae for carbon dynamics in beech dominated forest ecosystems

The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: role in carbon cycling

There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations in mycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in forest soils is limited. Presently, the production of EMM by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi has been estimated at ~140 different forest sites to be up to several hundreds of kg per ha per year, but the published data are biased towards Picea abies in Scandinavia. Little is known about the standing biomass and turnover of EMM in other systems, and its influence on the C stored or lost from soils. Here, focussing on ectomycorrhizas, we discuss the factors that regulate the production and turnover of EMM and its role in soil C dynamics, identifying important gaps in this knowledge. C availability seems to be the key factor determining EMM production and possibly its standing biomass in forests but direct effects of mineral nutrient availability on the EMM can be important. There is great uncertainty about the rate of turnover of EMM. There is increasing evidence that residues of EM fungi play a major role in the formation of stable N and C in SOM, which highlights the need to include mycorrhizal effects in models of global soil C stores