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    Analysis of stakeholder perceptions and practices related to climate change adaptation in Burkina Faso

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    Burkina Faso, like other Sahelian countries, has experienced a profound change in its climatic regime, with the new context characterised by high rainfall variability with an overall downward trend and a shortening of the seasons. The future rainfall pattern anticipates a decrease in the frequency of low rainfall (0.1 to 5 mm per day), a lengthening of the average duration of dry sequences, and an early end and late start of rainy seasons. The objective of this study was to perform an in-depth analysis of stakeholder perceptions about agricultural water (AgWater) resources sustainability, practices in the context of climate variability and change in Burkina Faso. Interviews were held with institutional actors involved in water resources decision making and initiatives (Government, Research, Non-Governmental Organisations) in the country. In addition, based on four main criteria (climate condition, type of farm and crop, type of AgWater sources, reliability of AgWater), three agricultural sites were investigated using household surveys. The results showed that organisations and farmers in Burkina Faso were aware of climate impacts and had initiated and implemented for many years, diverse options and water control mechanisms for AgWater adaptation. However, there were still gaps in strategies for adapting the water sector to climate threats. Institutional bodies had not got yet attained capacity to sustainably anticipate the effects of climate change on AgWater. There was a lack of mainstreaming hydroclimate services at farm levels, especially for the dry season crops; lack of on-farm flood control mechanisms, absence of a clear gender approach and no standardised monitoring system, Farmers also lacked anticipatory resilience strategies, particularly those who used water sources that were considered as \u201creliable\u201d then. In general, most of the climate adaptation initiatives implemented lacked synergies, sustainability, and were uncertain about sound water resource management such as moving towards \u201cno regret\u201d and \u201cwin-win\u201d options.Le Burkina Faso, \ue0 l\u2019instar des pays du Sahel, a connu un changement consid\ue9rable de son r\ue9gime climatique. Le nouveau contexte climatique est caract\ue9ris\ue9 par une forte variabilit\ue9 et une baisse de la fr\ue9quence des pr\ue9cipitations (0,1 \ue0 5 mm par jour), un allongement de la dur\ue9e moyenne des s\ue9quences s\ue8ches, une fin pr\ue9coce et un d\ue9but tardif des saisons des pluies. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait donc d\u2019effectuer une analyse approfondie des perceptions et pratiques des acteurs au regard de la s\ue9curit\ue9 en eau agricole dans un contexte de changement climatique au Burkina Faso. Des entretiens semi-structur\ue9s ont \ue9t\ue9 conduits avec les acteurs institutionnels impliqu\ue9s dans la gestion de l\u2019eau agricole (d\ue9cideurs, chercheurs, praticiens). Aussi, sur la base de quatre crit\ue8res principaux (conditions climatiques, type d\u2019exploitation et de cultures, type de sources d\u2019eau agricole, fiabilit\ue9 de la source d\u2019eau), trois sites agricoles ont \ue9t\ue9 s\ue9lectionn\ue9s et des enqu\ueates conduites aupr\ue8s des agriculteurs. Les r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 que l\u2019ensemble des acteurs institutionnels ou usagers exp\ue9rimentent les effets du climat sur l\u2019eau agricole. En outre, de nombreuses initiatives et m\ue9canismes, qui contribuent \ue0 l\u2019adaptation de cette ressource, ont \ue9t\ue9 mis en \u153uvre depuis de nombreuses ann\ue9es. Toutefois, il existe encore de nombreuses lacunes dans les strat\ue9gies pour une adaptation durable de l\u2019eau agricole aux menaces climatiques. Les acteurs institutionnels n\u2019ont pas encore la capacit\ue9 d\u2019anticiper efficacement les effets des changements climatiques. Il n\u2019existe pas encore de services hydroclimatiques au niveau des exploitations agricoles, notamment pour les cultures de saison s\ue8che ; de m\ueame que l\u2019absence de m\ue9canismes de maitrise des inondations sur ces exploitations agricoles, la promotion d\u2019une approche genre sp\ue9cifique et le manque d\u2019un syst\ue8me standard de suivi de la r\ue9silience. Les agriculteurs manquent de strat\ue9gies anticipatives d\u2019adaptation, en particulier autour des sources d\u2019eau consid\ue9r\ue9es comme \u201cfiables\u201d. En g\ue9n\ue9ral, la plupart des initiatives actuelles d\u2019adaptation au climat manquent de synergies, et la prise en compte de l\u2019incertitude climatique comme l\u2019orientation vers les \u201c options sans \u201cregret\u201d ou \u201cgagnant-gagnant\u201d
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