Wastewater Treatment of Food Industry Using Electrochemically Generated Ferrates

The article considers a complex technology for electrochemical wastewater treatment from a meat processing plant. The process of water treatment includes a sequential processing in graphite and iron anode-based electrochemical modules, and exposure in maturation and homogenization chamber. Ferrate generation has been evidenced in the iron anode-based module, and ferrates concurrently acting as mild oxidants, coagulants, and steel corrosion inhibitors. The electrochemical potential of ferrates ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 V in aqueous solutions for the pH values between 6 and 8. Provided an increase in ferrate concentration up to 20 mg/L in the solution, the corrosion rate for capacitive equipment and pipelines is reduced by twofold. An application of iron (III) hydroxide as a product of ferrate reduction lowers wastewater clarification by 1.5-2.0 times compared to the widely used ferric iron and aluminum salts. The research findings provide for the advancement of integrated water treatment solutions and highlight the importance of implementing efficient treatment processes to minimize the environmental impact of meat processing plants

A comparative study of optical properties and X-ray induced luminescence of octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Octahedral metal cluster complexes have high potential for biomedical applications. In order to evaluate the benefits of these moieties for combined CT/X-ray luminescence computed tomography, this paper compares photoluminescence, radiodensity and X-ray induced luminescence properties of eight related octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes [{M 6 I 8 }L 6 ] n (where M is Mo or W and L is I - , NO 3 - , OTs - or OH - /H 2 O). This article demonstrates that despite the fact that molybdenum cluster complexes are better photoluminescence emitters, tungsten cluster complexes, in particular (Bu 4 N) 2 [{W 6 I 8 }I 6 ], demonstrate significantly higher X-ray induced luminescence due to a combination of relatively good photoluminescence properties and high X-ray attenuation. Additionally, photo-degradation of [{M 6 I 8 }(NO 3 ) 6 ] 2- was evaluated

ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF METAL SURFACE ELECTROSPARK DOPING METHOD IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

It is shown that electrospark processing is the outstanding achievement in industrial technolo-gies. Nowadays, electrospark processing in many cases does not have any alternative: hard-processing, tough and supertough electricity conductor forming, surface reinforcement, dispersion. It is shown that this method, established by our compatriots B. R. Lazarenko and N. I. Lazarenko more than 70 years ago, met difficulties in its development, having tested creation and destruction stages twice. Unfortunately, over the last years this method does not develop in our country

Operando Laboratory X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and UV–Vis Study of Pt/TiO₂ Photocatalysts during Photodeposition and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production is a promising route for alternative energetics. Understanding structure–activity relationships is a crucial step towards the rational design of photocatalysts, which requires the application of operando spectroscopy under relevant working conditions. We performed an operando investigation on a catalytic system during the photodeposition of Pt on TiO2 and photostimulated H2 production, using simultaneous laboratory X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. XAS showed a progressive increase in Pt fluorescence for Pt deposited on TiO2 for over an hour, which is correlated with the signal of the produced H2. The final Pt/TiO2 catalyst contained Pt(0) particles. The electronic features corresponding to the Pt4+ species in the UV–Vis spectrum of the solution disappear as soon as UV radiation is applied in the presence of formic acid, which acts as a hole scavenger, resulting in the presence of Pt(0) particles in solution

Effects of the Pandemic on Observing the Global Ocean

The years since 2000 have been a golden age in in situ ocean observing with the proliferation and organization of autonomous platforms such as surface drogued buoys and subsurface Argo profiling floats augmenting ship-based observations. Global time series of mean sea surface temperature and ocean heat content are routinely calculated based on data from these platforms, enhancing our understanding of the ocean’s role in Earth’s climate system. Individual measurements of meteorological, sea surface, and subsurface variables directly improve our understanding of the Earth system, weather forecasting, and climate projections. They also provide the data necessary for validating and calibrating satellite observations. Maintaining this ocean observing system has been a technological, logistical, and funding challenge. The global COVID-19 pandemic, which took hold in 2020, added strain to the maintenance of the observing system. A survey of the contributing components of the observing system illustrates the impacts of the pandemic from January 2020 through December 2021. The pandemic did not reduce the short-term geographic coverage (days to months) capabilities mainly due to the continuation of autonomous platform observations. In contrast, the pandemic caused critical loss to longer-term (years to decades) observations, greatly impairing the monitoring of such crucial variables as ocean carbon and the state of the deep ocean. So, while the observing system has held under the stress of the pandemic, work must be done to restore the interrupted replenishment of the autonomous components and plan for more resilient methods to support components of the system that rely on cruise-based measurements