244 research outputs found

    Computer tomography based reconstruction of metal matrix syntactic foams

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    In order to create 3D (three-dimensional) models for finite element calculations it is necessary to reconstruct the structure of metal foam composites reinforced by hollow ceramic spheres. A new algorithm was developed for this reconstruction work. This algorithm is based on the investigation of sphericity of the shapes found on CT (computer tomograph) layer records. Using this algorithm a 3D CAD (computer aided design) model of acceptable precision can be constructed

    SPECIFIC EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF RAILWAY BALLAST PARTICLES’ DEGRADATION

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    Purpose. The most railway lines in the world have so called traditional ballasted superstructure. The authors think that it is important to learn about the process of ballast degradation. There are only two types of standardized laboratory test methods in the EU to assess railway ballast particle degradation and describe the rock physic characteristics, but are not suitable for modelling the railway stress-strain circumstances of ballast materials, and they particles. In this paper the authors represent some conclusions from their research that the authors experienced during their individual fatigue laboratory test and from new additional tests. With these kind of testing methods, the deterioration process of railway ballast particles can be assessed more realistic and precisely. Methodology and new directions. There are two types of laboratory tests which are presented in this article. The first one was performed by using a shear box with a special layer structure that is loaded by dynamic, pulsating force; while the second one was executed by using a 140 mm diameter HDPE tube with its original closing element that is loaded by ZD-40 machine. Findings and problems. There is a development after the R&D work made and published in 2014, in 2017 and 2018 years the ballast particle deterioration process is given according to more intermediate fatigue cycles with individual measurements that show more precise «picture» about the full particle degradation, i.e. breakage process. The authors give more accurate correlation functions between the calculated parameters and load cycles during fatigue. However, there are many factors in the test that need to be improved in the future. Therefore, the authors have discovered other additional tests. Originality. The most important goal of the authors that supplement the currently used regulation with new measurement methods. Practical value The authors’ developed and new methods may serve as a basis for a future instruction or regulation. The publishing of this paper was supported by EFOP 3.6.1-16-2016-00017 project

    Reconstruction of 3D Porous Geometry for Coupled FEM-CFD Simulation

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    Porous materials can be found in numerous areas of life (e. g., applied science, material science), however, the simulation of the fluid flow and transport phenomena through porous media is a significant challenge nowadays. Numerical simulations can help to analyze and understand physical processes and different phenomena in the porous structure, as well as to determine certain parameters that are difficult or impossible to measure directly or can only be determined by expensive and time-consuming experiments. The basic condition for the numerical simulations is the 3D geometric model of the porous material sample, which is the input parameter of the simulation. For this reason, geometry reconstruction is highly critical for pore-scale analysis. This paper introduces a complex process for the preparation of the microstructure's geometry in connection with a coupled FEM-CFD two-way fluid-structure interaction simulation. Micro-CT has been successfully applied to reconstruct both the fluid and solid phases of the used porous material

    Fatigue properties of metal matrix syntactic foams

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    Closed cell, high strength metallic foams, like ceramic hollow sphere reinforced metal matrix syntactic foams are distinguished materials to build light structural parts. The applications can range from load bearing structures to vibration damping structural parts like machine beds, spindles etc. In the latter case the fatigue properties are necessary in order to conduct proper design calculations. Simple and hybrid metal matrix syntactic foams with Al99.5 or AlSi12 matrix, reinforced by 1.5 mm and/or 0.15 mm ceramic hollow spheres were produced by pressure infiltration technique. The hollow spheres were built up from alumina, silica and mullite and they were provided by Globomet GmbH. and Envirospheres Ltd. respectively. The fatigue tests were performed on a universal hydraulic testing machine under force control at different and lower loading levels (k=0.6…1, compared to the compressive strength of the actual foams). The cylindrical specimens were carefully lubricated and placed between polished plates incorporated in a four bar upsetting tool. The deformation of the specimens was measured by a strain gage as a function of cycles. The results showed that the metal matrix syntactic foams have exhibited fatigue limits, due to the high ceramic sphere content. The softer, more ductile Al99.5 matrix syntactic foams have higher fatigue strength and similarly, the larger hollow spheres could result in higher fatigue limits. The failure mechanism could be connected to the brittle fracture of ceramic spheres embedded in the ductile matrix. Light microscopy revealed the breakage of the spheres in a plane closing ~45°with the loading direction. Due to this microcracks appeared in the most stressed region. Subsequently the cracks were propagated continuously and finally the whole specimen fractured. The foams exhibited high damage tolerance and remained undamaged far from the crack plane

    Spring Commencement, April 29, 2007

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    A területi egyenlőtlenségek és az iskolázási egyenlőtlenségek kapcsolata = Relationship between regional inequalities and inequalities in school education

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    A tanulmány három probléma megoldására tesz módszertani javaslatot. Hogyan lehet bemutatni együttesen a társadalom foglalkozási szerkezete és térszerkezete által okozott hátrányokat? Hogyan lehet a területi differenciációhoz túl kicsi, pl. csak ezres nagyságrendű közvélemény kutatási adatokat) mégiscsak területi jelleggel használni. Lehetséges-e a kvantitatív adatokat (mintegy kvalitatív megfigyeléseknek megfelelő proxiként) versengő kvalitatív hipotézisek statisztikai igazolására használni. Az egyik alapvető megoldás indikátorok kialakítása a másik pedig a népszámlálás személysoros elemeinek maradéktalan kihasználása, azaz a születési hely, a korábbi lakóhely, az iskolába járás helye elemzése - kombinálva egyfelől a gyerekek iskolaválasztására vonatkozó népszámlálási adatokkal, másfelől a család szociodemográfiai adataival. A településszerkezetből más jellegű általános iskolai és más jellegű középiskolai hátrányok következnek. Az általános iskoláskorú népesség iskolai hátrányait a kistelepülés helyzetének és a kistelepülésen belüli helyzetnek az elemzésével mérhetjük. A középiskolás korú népesség iskolai hátrányait viszont a falvak és a városok közötti különbséggel magyarázhatjuk. Az adatok arra utalnak, hogy akárcsak a rétegek közötti esélykülönbségek, úgy a települések közötti esélykülönbségek is nőnek – a városok esélyelőnyének növekedése megállíthatatlan. Ugyanakkor az az individuális stratégiák – például a falvakból való elköltözés, érdemi esélyjavulást biztosít. | The study proposes methodological solutions to three problems: 1. How we explain the combinative effect of backwadness influenced by the jobs of parents and backwadness influenced by living place of parents. 2. How to use opinion poll data (e.g. only in the thousands) that are too small for spatial differentiation, but still spatial in nature. 3. Whether quantitative data can be used to statistically justify competing qualitative hypotheses. One basic solution is to develop indicators and another is to make full use of the personal series elements of the census, i.e. the analysis of place of birth, previous place of residence, place of school attendance, combined with census data on children's school choices on the one hand and family socio-demographic data on the other. The settlement structure implies different types of disadvantage in primary school and secondary school. The school disadvantages of the primary school age population can be measured by analysing the situation of the small settlement and the situation within the small settlement. The school disadvantage of the secondary school population, on the other hand, can be explained by the difference between villages and towns. The data suggest that, just as the differences in opportunities between strata are increasing, so are the differences between municipalities - the increase in the urban advantage is unstoppable. At the same time, individual strategies - moving away from villages, for example - provide meaningful gains in opportunity

    Sport Ă©s inklĂşziĂł

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    Tanulmányunk célja, hogy feltárja a sport társadalmi egyenlőséghez /egyenlőtlenséghez kapcsolódó kettős arcát. Az első részben bemutatjuk, hogyan segíti a sport a társadalmi integrációt, inklúziót, milyen eszközökkel segíthet a sport a társadalmi felemelkedésben, hogyan lehet küzdeni a sporttal a kirekesztődés ellen. A második részben felvázoljuk, hogy hogyan válik a sport az egyenlőtlenségek egyik formájává, milyen társadalmi csoportok lehetnek depriváltak a sportolást illetően, hogyan szorulnak ki a sportolási lehetőségekből, illetve milyen okai lehet ennek. Összességében elmondhatjuk, hogy az iskolai testnevelés és mindenféle formában, de leginkább közösségben végzett sportolás segíti az elfogadó, empatikus attitűd kialakítását, toleranciára, együttműködésre nevel. Emellett olyan képességeket, készségeket, tulajdonságokat és személyiségjegyeket lehet elsajátítani, amelyek segíthetik a hátrányos helyzetű fiatalok szocializációját, tanulmányi eredményességét és a munka világába, illetve a társadalomba való beilleszkedést. A sportolás inklúzióban betöltött szerepének megvalósulásához elengedhetetlen, hogy minél többen végezzenek rendszeres testmozgást, ugyanakkor hazánkban ez kevésbé valósul meg, számtalan olyan társadalmi csoport van (nők, idősek, kis településen élők, munkanélküliek, rossz anyagi helyzetben élők, romák, fogyatékosok), amelyek tagjainak fizikai aktivitása elégtelen és az esélyeik is a sportolásra rosszabbak
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