Algorithm Indicating Moment of P-Wave Arrival Based on Second-Moment Characteristic

The moment of P-wave arrival can provide us with many information about the nature of a seismic event. Without adequate knowledge regarding the onset moment, many properties of the events related to location, polarization of P-wave, and so forth are impossible to receive. In order to save time required to indicate P-wave arrival moment manually, one can benefit from automatic picking algorithms. In this paper two algorithms based on a method finding a regime switch point are applied to seismic event data in order to find P-wave arrival time. The algorithms are based on signals transformed via a basic transform rather than on raw recordings. They involve partitioning the transformed signal into two separate series and fitting logarithm function to the first subset (which corresponds to pure noise and therefore it is considered stationary), exponent or power function to the second subset (which corresponds to nonstationary seismic event), and finding the point at which these functions best fit the statistic in terms of sum of squared errors. Effectiveness of the algorithms is tested on seismic data acquired from O/ZG “Rudna” underground copper ore mine with moments of P-wave arrival initially picked by broadly known STA/LTA algorithm and then corrected by seismic station specialists. The results of proposed algorithms are compared to those obtained using STA/LTA

Algorithm Indicating Moment of P-Wave Arrival Based on Second-Moment Characteristic

The moment of P-wave arrival can provide us with many information about the nature of a seismic event. Without adequate knowledge regarding the onset moment, many properties of the events related to location, polarization of P-wave, and so forth are impossible to receive. In order to save time required to indicate P-wave arrival moment manually, one can benefit from automatic picking algorithms. In this paper two algorithms based on a method finding a regime switch point are applied to seismic event data in order to find P-wave arrival time. The algorithms are based on signals transformed via a basic transform rather than on raw recordings. They involve partitioning the transformed signal into two separate series and fitting logarithm function to the first subset (which corresponds to pure noise and therefore it is considered stationary), exponent or power function to the second subset (which corresponds to nonstationary seismic event), and finding the point at which these functions best fit the statistic in terms of sum of squared errors. Effectiveness of the algorithms is tested on seismic data acquired from O/ZG “Rudna” underground copper ore mine with moments of P-wave arrival initially picked by broadly known STA/LTA algorithm and then corrected by seismic station specialists. The results of proposed algorithms are compared to those obtained using STA/LTA

Recognition of gasogeodynamic zones in the rock mass using seismic tomography in Rudna copper ore mine

In this work, the results of four seismic tomography surveys are presented. The research was conducted to identify the zones exposed to the threat of gas and rock outburst. The changes to the dolomite layer stiffness in the mining excavation roofs were analyzed. The surveys were conducted in the Rudna copper ore mine in the field of XXVIII/1. The research area was about 0.21 km2. The seismic waves were generated by a small amount of explosive material (100 - 300 g) located and installed in short blast holes (1.5 - 2.0 m). The processing and the interpretation of the measurement data did not cause serious problems due to the more favourable elastic properties of the dolomite layer compared to the adjacent anhydrite and sandstone layers. As a result, the maps of parameters like the longitudinal wave velocity (P-wave), the shear wave velocity (S-wave), and the ratio of the Pwave velocity to S-wave velocity and the dynamic Young modulus were estimated. The results showed that the changes in the seismic parameters were relatively small over most of the research area. This may be evidence of the minor effects of gas and rock outbursts

Recognition of gasogeodynamic zones in the rock mass using seismic tomography in Rudna copper ore mine

In this work, the results of four seismic tomography surveys are presented. The research was conducted to identify the zones exposed to the threat of gas and rock outburst. The changes to the dolomite layer stiffness in the mining excavation roofs were analyzed. The surveys were conducted in the Rudna copper ore mine in the field of XXVIII/1. The research area was about 0.21 km2. The seismic waves were generated by a small amount of explosive material (100 - 300 g) located and installed in short blast holes (1.5 - 2.0 m). The processing and the interpretation of the measurement data did not cause serious problems due to the more favourable elastic properties of the dolomite layer compared to the adjacent anhydrite and sandstone layers. As a result, the maps of parameters like the longitudinal wave velocity (P-wave), the shear wave velocity (S-wave), and the ratio of the Pwave velocity to S-wave velocity and the dynamic Young modulus were estimated. The results showed that the changes in the seismic parameters were relatively small over most of the research area. This may be evidence of the minor effects of gas and rock outbursts