Draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLS17

The human gut microbiome is an organ that provides primary barrier protection against foreign agents. Most of the microorganisms are different strains of commensal bacteria that are colonized in the gut. Gut flora influence food metabolism and have an antagonistic effect on different pathogens and immunomodulatory properties (1). One of the main species of gut flora is in the genus Lactobacillus...This work was supported by grant 0113PK00783 from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

GUT MICROBIOME ALTERATIONS IN SENIORS SUFFERING FROM ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Introduction: One of the important factors influencing human health and attracting increasing attention of scientists during the last two decades is gut microbiome. It has been demonstrated that the links exist between gut microbiome density and composition and a number of pathological conditions including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. These diseases, in turn, are the established risk factors for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, there is data indicating that gut microbiome can directly affect brain functions. However, only few studies have characterized the human gut microbiome communities associated with AD. Therefore, more research is needed in order to reveal the relationships existing between gut microbiome and brain functions and their influence on the development and progression of AD. Material and methods: Stool samples were obtained from patients with AD (n =11) and cognitively normal age- and sex-matched participants (n =13). The composition of gut microbiome was characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA MiSeq sequencing. Data analysis was performed using an independent computational pipeline, less OTUs scripts (LotuS) [Hildebrand, F., 2013], SILVA reference database were used as reference for 16S rRNA alignment. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.0.2. Results: Our preliminary results demonstrated that gut microbiota of AD individuals had overall higher α-diversity compared to healthy controls, although this difference was not significant, while β-diversity analysis has revealed statistical significance (R-squared: 0.075975; p-value <0.033). Among bacterial genera, microbiome of AD participants was characterized by a preponderance of Eubacterium copros, Lachnospiraceae NK, Rikenellaceae RC9, Christensenellacea, Prevotella, Ruminococcus torgue, Parabacterides, Coprococcus and Corynebacterium (LDA score [log10] > 3), whereas the healthy microbiome was characterized by a preponderance of Lactobacillus, Holdemania, Holdemanella, Granucatella (LDA score [log10] > 3). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, and Odoribacter were significantly different in AD patients compared to healthy participants (p < 0.01). Our data are consistent with the results of Vogt et al. (2017) showing that in patients with AD the dominant families were Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Conclusion: Distinct microbial communities were associated with patients with AD when compared with cognitively healthy seniors. However, more data is needed to ascertain our findings

Comparison of Phenolic Content in Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi Wines

Several studies reveal that the phenolic compounds present in the wine and their concentrations determine physiological activities of the red wine. In this study, the main polyphenol components, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavones, flavan-3-ols and stilbenoids, were investigated via HLPC-UV in the “Cabernet Sauvignon” and “Saperavi” wines selected from different regions and different years. In assistance of a meta-analysis, we found that there are no fundamental differences in phenolic compounds between the wines Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. However, the amounts of several important phenolic materials such as catechin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and myricetin significantly higher in Saperavi wine as compared to Cabernet Sauvignon. Moreover, on the basis of the correlation analysis, we assume that flavones synthesis and regulation of stilbenoids coordinated to a greater extent in “Saperavi” than in “Cabernet Sauvignon”

GUT MODULATION OF DYSBIOSIS INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM

Inflammatory bowel disease is one of the serious burdens of clinical medicine and healthcare. This study investigated the potential of a biological product based on mare's milk and metabolites of symbiotic microflora for modulation of intestinal microflora affected by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced dysbiosis. Symbiotic microflora was isolated from the stool of healthy volunteers. Lysates for the production of short-chain fatty acids of screened microorganisms were mixed with mare's milk. The activity of the biological product was evaluated on the DSS model of induced colitis. Histological changes in the intestinal epithelium were determined. The structure of the microbiome was evaluated based on the analysis of 16S rRNA microbial sequences. Histological examination of rat intestinal tissues after application of the biological product showed reduced infiltration of granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The results of sequencing demonstrated a decrease in the biological diversity of microbiota affected by colitis. The full recovery was observed after 21 days of the application of the biological product. The product induced the structural changes of the microbiome damaged by DSS. Likewise, the number of the pathogenic intestinal microflora was decreased Representatives of SCFA producing bacteria increased concentrations of genus Lactobacillus

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate Protects From Hypertensive Cardiovascular Damage

Arterial hypertension and its organ sequelae show characteristics of T cell–mediated inflammatory diseases. Experimental anti-inflammatory therapies have been shown to ameliorate hypertensive end-organ damage. Recently, the CANTOS study (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) targeting interleukin-1β demonstrated that anti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular risk. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and cardiovascular health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced from dietary fiber by gut bacteria and affect host immune homeostasis. Here, we investigated effects of the SCFA propionate in 2 different mouse models of hypertensive cardiovascular damage. Our data emphasize an immune-modulatory role of SCFAs and their importance for cardiovascular health. The data suggest that lifestyle modifications leading to augmented SCFA production could be a beneficial nonpharmacological preventive strategy for patients with hypertensive cardiovascular disease