35 research outputs found

    Anatomy of the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus — micro-computed tomography study

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    The aim of this paper was to present micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) high resolution images of the fundus of internal acoustic meatus (FIAM) and characterise the normal appearance of its singular areas which are places of passage of numerous anatomical structures. By using micro-CT we obtain detailed volume rendering images presenting topography of the FIAM in 3-dimensional (3D) space. We figured out that 3D reconstructions obtained from micro-CT scans can precisely demonstrate all areas of the FIAM (facial nerve area, cochlear area, superior and inferior vestibular areas, singular foramen). Application of this technique allows finding out new anatomical structures like the foramen of the transverse crest, which is not described in literature. Hence, we estimated the size of each area of the FIAM by measuring their minimal and maximal diameter. In the studied material we did not find out any statistically significant difference between mean diameters calculated for infant and adult individuals.

    Micro-computed tomography study of the abnormal osseous extensions of sella turcica

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    The paper presents anatomical considerations on the abnormal ossification, which occurred around the dorsum of the sella turcica in the human skull of the female individual. Probably the morphological alterations of the sellar region were associated with extensive heterotopic ossification of the dura mater attached to the dorsum of the sella turcica and the posterior clinoid processes. The analysis of gray values of the voxels representing the areas of abnormal ossification indicated on variation in bone density in the entire sample. We have established that the highest mineralisation of bony tissue occurred in the marginal parts of the osseous extensions deriving from the posterior clinoid processes. The ossified parts of dura mater attached to the posterior clinoid processes showed significantly higher content of the hydroxyapatite (1.9 g/cm3) than the dorsum of the sella turcica (1.0 g/cm3)

    Topography and morphometry of the subarcuate canal

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    The current study shows in a close-up view anatomical relationship between the subarcuate canal and the osseous labyrinth. For this purpose we used micro-computed tomography which allowed performing three-dimensional reconstruction of the subarcuate canal and gave adequate data for estimation its diameter across its course. The diameter of the middle part (the most uniform) of the subarcuate canal varied from 0.28 mm to 0.46 mm. Hence, we calculated the centre of mass for each cross-section of the separated subarcuate canal. This procedure helped us to visualise trajectory of the subarcuate canal and its spatial orientation within the petrous bone. From our data we concluded that subarcuate canals revealed not well defined trajectories and their spatial orientation varied across the studied temporal bones

    Three dimensional visualisation and morphometry of bone samples studied in microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)

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    This article highlights the utility of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for characterisingmicroscale bone morphology. For this purpose we tested selected samplesof the human bones (Wormian bone, rib, lumbar vertebra) to reconstruct externaland internal morphological features. Selected bony samples were investigatedusing a micro-CT scanner (Skyscan 1172, N.V., Aartselaar, Belgium). The imageresolution of scans varied from 5 to 27 μm/pixel depending on the bone sample.We used CTvox software (by Skyscan) to perform volume rendering of the samples.Further, 3-dimensional geometrical models were reconstructed using theCTvol application. Such models enabled graphical distinction between osseouscomponents of various morphology and were used to visualise the Haversian canalsystem inside the compact bone of the rib. Applying a modified transfer functionfor volume rendering we presented the overall morphology of the Wormian boneand small vascular channels penetrating its interior. As an example of quantitativeanalysis based on micro-CT scans we compared the trabecular structure of thelumbar vertebrae with CTAn software. Significant differences in percent bonevolume (BV/TV) were determined. Micro-CT was found to be a very accurate andhelpful method to study small anatomical structures of the bones in micro scale

    A micro-CT study of the sinus tympani variation in humans

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    The posterior part of the tympanic cavity comprises a depression called the sinus tympani (ST). The said structure is of outmost importance, e.g., in surgical procedures involving the middle ear, as a pathology (microbial biofilm or cholesteatoma) present in this difficult to access location might hinder its effective treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate anatomical variants of the sinus tympani in human adult petrous bones. For this purpose, 3D models of the ST were recreated from micro-CT scans of 44 dry petrous bone samples (19 female, 25 male), applying 3D Slicer, Meshmixer and MeshLab softwares. Anatomical variants of the ST were classified in terms of both shape and surface configuration. The internal configuration of the ST was classified as heterogeneous - containing small bony trabeculae and crests up to 1.0 mm in size, contrasting to homogeneous ST that characterizes a relatively smooth interior, or mere presence of minor depressions and mild folds. Female STs were more bowl-shaped (57.9%) than saccular (42.1%), and had heterogeneous surface configuration (52.6%) compared to homogeneous (47.4%). On the contrary, male STs were more saccular (52.0%) rather than bowl-shaped (48.0%), and predominantly had a heterogeneous surface (84.0%) over homogeneous (16.0%). A complex combination of ST features comprised of a saccular shape and heterogeneous surface occurred in 52.0% of males and in 15.8% of females (a statistically significant difference; p = 0.0254, Fisher’s exact test) seems to be clinically important because of its potential negative implication on health outcomes after surgery in case of e.g., cholesteatoma, and it may also favor chronic pathological processes

    Railway infrastructure in the example of PKP Polish Railway Lines - investments and projects

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    Spółka PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe jest głównym zarządcą linii kolejowych, do jej głównych zadań należy utrzymanie i obsługa infrastruktury kolejowej w stanie pozwalającym na prowadzenie bezpiecznego ruchu pociągów. Zły wizerunek transportu kolejowego w głównej mierze związany jest ze złym stanem infrastruktury kolejowej, która wpływa negatywnie na czas podróży, jakość świadczonych usług oraz bezpieczeństwo. PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe na modernizację linii kolejowych przeznacza własne środki finansowe oraz środki pochodzące z budżetu państwa, ponieważ Skarb Państwa wciąż jest głównym udziałowcem spółki posiadającym 64%udziałów. Dodatkowym źródłem wsparcia finansowego jest Unia Europejska, która w Programie Operacyjnym Infrastruktura i Środowisko wspiera transport kolejowy-bezpieczny dla środowiska.PKP Polish Railway Lines is the main manager of the railway lines, its main tasks are the maintenance and operation of the railway infrastructure in working order to carry out the safe movement of trains. Bad image of rail transport is mainly associated with poor railway infrastructure, which has a negative impact on travel time, quality of service and security. PKP Polish Railway Lines for modernization of railway lines dedicating their own funds and funds from the state budget, because the Treasury is still a major shareholder holding 64% stake. Another source of funding is the European Union, which in the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment supports railsafe for the environment

    Analysis of implementation of investment PKP Cargo S.A. in the years 2012-2014

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    W artykule zostały przedstawione inwestycje przeprowadzone przez PKP Cargo S.A., przeprowadzono analizę finansową, opisano tabor oraz przedstawiono wizję rozwoju. Priorytety dla polskiego systemu transportowego w tym przewozów kolejowych dość szczegółowo określone zostały w dokumencie „Polityka Transportowa Państwa na lata 2006-2025”, który zakładał radykalną poprawę stanu infrastruktury przy jednoczesnym ograniczaniu kosztów dostępu oraz dynamiczny rozwój systemów intermodalnych poprzez uściślenie form pomocy oraz wprowadzenie zachęt prawnych i podatkowych. Rozwój systemu transportowego, z wykorzystaniem proekologicznych form takich jak kolej, jest warunkiem dynamicznego wzrostu gospodarczego zarówno całego kraju, jak i poszczególnych regionów Polski. Niezwykle ważną rolą staje się ingerencja państwa w rozwój transportu kolejowego, a zwłaszcza intermodalnego.Priorities for the Polish transport system including rail transport in some detail set forth in the document "Transport Policy for 2006-2025", which assumed a radical improvement of the infrastructure while reducing the cost of access and dynamic development of intermodal systems by specifying the forms of assistance and incentives legal and tax. The development of the transport system, with the use of environmentally friendly forms such as rail, is a prerequisite for dynamic growth both across the country and various Polish regions. An extremely important role is the interference of the state in the development of rail transport, particularly intermodal. The article discusses the investments made by PKP Cargo, and a vision of development

    Analysis of efficiency and quality deliveries on the courier company X

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    Dobra obsługa klienta jest nierzadko kluczem do sukcesu firmy. Do cech dobrej obsługi należą: kompletność realizowanej dostawy, krótki czas realizacji, możliwość zaspokajania specjalnych żądań, system sprawnej komunikacji i informacji, bezproblemowa obsługa, a także precyzja i szybkie usuwanie błędów. Podstawową płaszczyzną działalności firm kurierskich jest przewóz przesyłek zawierających przedmioty, które powinny dotrzeć do adresata bezpiecznie i w krótkim czasie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy skuteczności i jakości dostarczania przesyłek w firmie X. W firmie zastosowano usługę Predict, jako innowacyjny sposób zarządzania dostawą kurierską.Workable customer service is frequently the key to success. The characteristics of good service include: completeness realized deliveries, short delivery time, the ability to meet the special demands, an efficient system of communication and information, trouble-free service, precision and fast debugging. The basic plane activity is the transport of courier shipments containing items that should arrive safely and in a short time. The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness and quality of deliveries in the company X. The company uses the service Predict as an innovative way to manage the delivery courier

    Factors affecting the development of air transport in Poland in the years 2003-2014 - example Katowice-Pyrzowice international airport

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    Celem pracy jest przedstawienie jak rozwijał się transport lotniczy w Polsce na przykładzie Międzynarodowego Portu Lotniczego Katowice - Pyrzowice w latach 2003 – 2014. Na podstawie analizy przedstawionych w niej badań statystycznych zostały wskazane zależności między dynamicznym wzrostem popytu na usługi transportu lotniczego, a zmianami infrastrukturalnymi przeprowadzonymi w porcie lotniczym oraz ich wpływem na znaczenie portu na polskim rynku lotniczym. W artykule zostały również wykazane zależności pomiędzy pojawieniem się w porcie przewoźników niskokosztowych, rozwojem siatki połączeń, a zmianami wielkości przewozów realizowanych przez port i czynnikami wpływającymi na jego rozwój.The aim of the paper is to show how it has developed air transport in Poland on the example of Katowice-Pyrzowice Airport in the years 2003 - 2014. Based on the analysis presented in the statistical surveys indicated the relationship between the dynamic growth in demand for air transport services and infrastructure changes carried out in airport and their influence on the importance of the port on the Polish aviation market . The article also demonstrated the relationship between the emergence of low-cost carriers in the port, the development of grid connections and changes in the volume of traffic carried by the port and factors influencing its development

    Evaluation and analysis of information systems and technology on the courier company X

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    Globalizacja biznesu, rosnąca konkurencja i coraz większe wymagania klientów to wyzwania, które stoją współcześnie przed wszystkimi firmami. Od lat wiemy, iż aby sprostać tym wszystkim wyzwaniom, konieczne staje się wykorzystanie najnowszych systemów i technologii informacyjnych. Odbiorcom towarów i usług powinno się zapewnić szybkie i bezpieczne dostawy, partnerom biznesowym zagwarantować jak największą niezawodność oraz elastyczność w działaniu, przy tym wyroby muszą być szybko i sprawnie przemieszczane prawie po całym świecie. Zatem nie ma możliwości osiągnięcia tego wszystkiego standardowymi metodami zarządzania logistycznego. Z tego powodu tak istotne stają się w dzisiejszej logistyce najnowsze systemy i technologie informacyjne. Celem podjęcia tematu jest ocena i analiza systemów i technologii informacyjnych w logistyce na przykładzie przedsiębiorstwa X.The globalization of business, increasing competition and increasing customer demands are challenges that face today by all companies. For years, we know that in order to meet all these challenges, it is necessary to use the latest systems and information technology. Recipients of goods and services should ensure fast and safe delivery, business partners ensure the greatest possible reliability and flexibility in operation, while the products must be quickly and efficiently transferred almost all over the world. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve all this by standard methods of logistics management. For this reason, it becomes so important in today's latest logistics information systems and technologies. The aim of addressing the subject of the evaluation and analysis of systems and information technology in logistics on the example of the company X
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