Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases: Frequency and information content of various diagnostic methods

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has bronchopulmonary manifestations, often associated with recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases (RaCRD). Objective of the research: To determine the frequency of GERD in children with RaCRD and to assess the information content of various diagnostic methods. Materials and methods: Using the GERD-Q questionnaire and considering GERD equivalent symptoms, results of esophageal fluoroscopy with contrasting, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS), daily pH-metry, daily intra-esophageal combined impedance-pH-metry (CIM), 125 children aged 1 month to 17 years with RaCRD were examined. Results: In children with RaCRD the frequency of gastroesophageal reflux detected with maximum frequency (93%) using CIM was 90,4%, while 49,6% of patients did not have esophageal clinical manifestations of GERD. Among children without esophageal manifestations of GERD, reflux was confirmed by instrumental methods in 80,7% of patients. The leading type of reflux in children with RaCRD is sub-acid reflux, which is more common in children without esophageal manifestations of GERD. The prognostic significance of a positive result of esophagus fluoroscopy, endoscopy, and pH-metry is quite high (93,8–100%), but the prognostic significance of a negative result is very low (14,3–20%). Conclusion: GERD screening is possible in children with RaCRD, regardless of the clinical manifestations of GERD; for the diagnosis of GERD in these children CIM is recommended. © 2019, Pediatria Ltd. All right reserved

Issues of diagnosis and management of patients with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy

Neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology, which develops in infancy and manifests as persistent tachypnea. Objective of the research: to summarize results of observations of patients with NEHI, including during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). Materials and methods: clinical and follow-up observation, laboratory and instrumental examination, including lung biopsy, 52 children with NEHI aged from 21 days to 10 years. Results: NEHI more often affects boys in the first 6 months of life; can be diagnosed on the basis of pediatric ILD-syndrome detection; specific CT signs, lung biopsy. It is characterized by undulating course with increased respiratory failurec aused by acute respiratory viral infections, COVID-19; half of the patients need oxygen therapy. © 2020, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved

Congenital deficiency of surfactant protein c: Literature review and first clinical observations in the russian federation

Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids, neutral lipids and specific surfactant-associated proteins. Genetic diseases associated with gene mutations of surfactant proteins are rare, and treatment options for these children are currently limited. The article presents modern information on congenital deficiency of surfactant protein C, its genetics, pathogenesis, histological patterns, clinical and radiological manifestations in children and adults, outcomes and therapy. It also provides clinical observations of first three pediatric patients in the Russian Federation with this disease, including a rare manifestation in the form of primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. © 2018, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved